This book explores certain structures of fuzzy Lie algebras, fuzzy Lie superalgebras and fuzzy n-Lie algebras. In addition, it applies various concepts to Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, including type-1 fuzzy sets, interval-valued fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, vague sets and bipolar fuzzy sets. The book offers a valuable resource for students and researchers in mathematics, especially those interested in fuzzy Lie algebraic structure...

This book provides readers with an introduction to m-polar fuzzy graphs and m-polar fuzzy hypergraphs, covering both theories and applications. A special emphasis is given to m-polar fuzzy graphs at the aim of filling a gap in the literature, namely the absence of a mathematical approach to analyze multi-index, multipolar, and multi-attribute data. The book describes metrics and labeling in m-polar graphs, m-polar fuzzy matroids. It also discusses in detail important applications in decisi...

This book addresses single-valued neutrosophic graphs and their applications. In addition, it introduces readers to a number of central concepts, including certain types of single-valued neutrosophic graphs, energy of single-valued neutrosophic graphs, bipolar single-valued neutrosophic planar graphs, isomorphism of intuitionistic single-valued neutrosophic soft graphs, and single-valued neutrosophic soft rough graphs.Divided into eight chapters, the book seeks to remedy the lack o...

A Transformative Vision for Economic JusticeIn An Introduction to Islamic Economics, Dr. Muhammad Akram Khan presents a comprehensive alternative to the economic systems that have shaped—and troubled—the modern world. At a time when conventional economics struggles with persistent crises of unemployment, inequality, and environmental degradation, this groundbreaking work offers substantive solutions grounded in timeless moral princ...

This book presents the fundamental and technical concepts of fuzzy hypergraphs and explains their extensions and applications. It discusses applied generalized mathematical models of hypergraphs, including complex, intuitionistic, bipolar, m-polar fuzzy, Pythagorean, complex Pythagorean, and q-rung orthopair hypergraphs, as well as single-valued neutrosophic, complex neutrosophic and bipolar neutrosophic hypergraphs. In addition, the book also sheds light on real-world ap...

This book presents an extension of fuzzy set theory allowing for multi-polar information, discussing its impact on the theoretical and practical development of multi-criteria decision making. It reports on set of hybrid models developed by the authors, and show how they can be adapted, case by case, to the lack of certainty under a variety of criteria. Among them, hybrid models combining m-polar fuzzy sets with rough, soft and 2-tuple linguistic sets, and m-polar hesitant fuzzy sets and he...

This monograph discusses the theoretical and practical development of multicriteria decision making (MCDM). The main purpose of MCDM is the construction of systematized strategies for the "optimisation" of feasible options, as well as the justification of why some alternatives can be declared "optimal". However, at time, we must make decisions in an uncertain environment and such inconvenience gives rise to a much more elaborate scenario. This book highlights models where this lack of cert...

This monograph discusses decision making methods under bipolar fuzzy graphical models with the aim of overcoming the lack of mathematical approach towards bipolar information—positive and negative. It investigates the properties of bipolar fuzzy graphs, their distance functions, and concept of their isomorphism. It presents certain notions, including irregular bipolar fuzzy graphs, domination in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar fuzzy circuits, energy in bipolar fuzzy graphs, bipolar single-va...

This book describes a set of hybrid fuzzy models showing how to use them to deal with incomplete and/or vague information in different kind of decision-making problems. Based on the authors’ research, it offers a concise introduction to important models, ranging from rough fuzzy digraphs and intuitionistic fuzzy rough models to bipolar fuzzy soft graphs and neutrosophic graphs, explaining how to construct them. For each method, applications to different multi-attribute, multi-criteria deci...

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES AND PHYTOCHEMICALS IN DRUG DISCOVERYExplore novel drug discovery updates from medicinal plants to help fight the devastating effects of neglected tropical diseasesNeglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery delivers a comprehensive exploration of the drug discovery process as it pertains to neglected tropical diseases. The book covers recent advancements in drug discovery, as well as...

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a tree belonging to the palm family (Arecaceae) and is cultivated for its sweet edible fruits. Over the past century, it has become a major commercial fruit crop and a key component of agricultural production in the world's subtropical arid and semiarid regions. A crop suited both to the low-input small-farmer and the modern high-input commercial plantation, the date palm provides a livelihood for millions of people living in marginal land areas where ...

Lack of clean water, inadequate sanitation, and insufficient infection prevention and control promote the spread of parasites. The discovery of antiparasitic drugs was considered a milestone in the veterinary and medical sciences, but their use has subsequently become limited due to the emergence of resistance. While plenty of attention has been given in human and animal health communities to the global threat of antimicrobial drug resistance, specific antiparasitic advice is less availabl...