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The authors propose that the Gezira scheme has played a paradoxical role in the capitalist transformation of the Sudan - reinforcing some non-capitalist production relations while at the same time acting as an engine for the peripheral capitalist development.

By the mid-1980s, Sudan’s economy, society and political framework were on the point of disintegration. Civil war was exacerbating the effects of an already major famine. An unpopular government was resorting to ever more extreme measures in order to remain in power. The imposition of a particularly oppressive and hash interpretation of sharia law was heightening racial and religious tensions. Internationally, Sudan was faced by a debt crisis which was apparently insoluble, and which threa...