The century marking the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era opens with a feudal legacy stemming from the internal divisions of France and England, still embroiled in the Hundred Years' War.Between mutual betrayals and the mystical figure of Joan of Arc, this historical transition marks the arrival of gunpowder in Europe, marking one of the world's epochal changes.Along with it, the invention of movable type printing and the fall of the Eastern Empire pave the wa...

The relationship between the Papacy and power that marked the period of the Avignon Papacy and the conditions that would spark the Hundred Years' War form the backdrop to the events of a French family of Norman origin torn between the concreteness of money and the revolutionary ideas of William of Ockham.These divergent paths were the seeds of future great rivalries between France and England, which began to emerge in the fourteenth century.The middle of the century was domin...

The first half of the thirteenth century is characterized by the sudden rise of the greatest empire ever.The Mongols of Genghis Khan overwhelm entire civilizations, but their military supremacy will give rise to an ephemeral world, one that a family of horse breeders will understand well, suspended between tradition and the necessary integration with superior cultures defeated in battle.In Europe, the central part of the century is dominated by the intellectual figure of Thom...

The vain attempt to reconcile knowledge, expressed in philosophical, theological, artistic, and scientific forms, with the harshness of history characterizes the history of the twelfth century.On the one hand, there are magnificent examples, such as the Norman cultural renaissance of Sicily under Roger II, up to the great intellectual peaks of Anselm of Aosta, Peter Abelard, and Averroes. On the other, there are the eternal imperial struggles against the Papacy or the emerging commu...

This book presents the main aspects of cosmology such as:the cosmological principle, Hubble's law and the recession of galaxiesNewtonian and relativistic cosmologythe problems of flatness and the horizon, the De Sitter and Lemaitre modelsthe cosmological theories of the Big Bang and steady statecosmological thermodynamics and cosmological erasthe role of dark matter

"Once Upon a Time in America" is Sergio Leone's latest film, what the director himself defined as "my cinema".With a very troubled gestation, so much so that it took fifteen years from the first idea to the final realization, and with an overall duration much longer than the normal extension of a cinematographic film, this film turns into a discussion on time, in a way of transposing, with the infinite wisdom of those who know how to mix music and photography, scenography and color,...

This manual explains the fundamental concepts for understanding natural gas pricesIn particular, the following topics are covered:what is natural gas, what are the reference markets and prices, what are the fundamentals of gas based on production, consumption, exports and stocks, what influences the price and insights into the financial instruments available. The obvious and obvious conclusion will be that natural gas is a very particular raw material with peculiarities not f...

The unfathomable dilemma of man faced with choice and a possible turning point in his life and in history is the common background of an instantaneous chronicle of over half a century, relived in different contexts and nuances.Not always aware of the harm they will cause, individual people move in a predetermined pattern, in which however the move is inevitable and totally required.No stalemate is possible, given the looming moment and time that chases every existence and no ...

In this book, exercises are carried out regarding the following physics topics:thermodynamics, thermodynamic processes and cyclesdiagrams and state functionsheat transferkinetic theory of gases

In this book, exercises are carried out regarding the following mathematical topics:vectors and vector operationsvector spacescanonical, orthogonal, and orthonormal bases.Initial theoretical hints are also presented to make the performance of the exercises understood

A present year, exemplifying what flows daily in each person's life, becomes the backdrop against which seven characters scattered across a Europe whose identity is vague and abstract, though totally pervasive.A land steeped in recent doubts and age-old traditions, in rapid innovation and ancient securities, in wills denied and freedoms rediscovered is the canvas for actions, dialogues and thoughts that seem to be lost in the void of contemporaneity.

In this book, exercises are carried out regarding the following mathematical topics:transformation of tensorsindex rises and fallscalculation of Christoffel symbols.Initial theoretical hints are also presented to make the conduct of the exercises understandable.