Explores innovations in the production of rare earths that would be more sustainableRare earth elements are used in many modern technologies including electronics, clean energy, defense, aerospace, and automotive. It is important that increasing demand is met in ways that are more environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable than in the past.Rare Earth Elements: Sustainable Recovery, Processing, and Purification describes sources of rare...

This book provides a description of the generalized two layer surface complexation model, data treatment procedures, and thermodynamic constants for sorption of metal cations and anions on gibbsite, the most common form of aluminum oxide found in nature and one of the most abundant minerals in soils, sediments, and natural waters. The book provides a synopsis of aluminum oxide forms and a clearly defined nomenclature. Compilations of available data for sorption of metal cations and anions ...

Of the thousands of novel compounds that a drug discovery project team invents and that bind to the therapeutic target, only a fraction have sufficient ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) properties, and acceptable toxicology properties, to become a drug product that will successfully complete human Phase I clinical trials. Drug-Like Properties: Concepts, Structure Design and Methods from ADME to Toxicity Optimization, Second Edition, provides scientists and students t...

This first hands-on guide to ISO-compliant Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) makes this powerful tool immediately accessible to both professionals and students. Following a general introduction on the philosophy and purpose of LCA, the reader is taken through all the stages of a complete LCA analysis, with each step exemplified by real-life data from a major LCA project on beverage packaging. Measures as carbon and water footprint, based on the most recent international standards and definitions...

This is the first comprehensive overview of this topic. It serves as a single source for information about the properties, preparation, and uses of all relevant primary explosives. The first chapter provides background such as the basics of initiation and differences between requirements on primary explosives used in detonators and igniters. The authors then clarify the influence of physical characteristics on explosive properties, focusing on those properties required for primary explosiv...

How To Solve Organic Reaction Mechanisms: A Stepwise Approach is an upgraded and much-expanded sequel to the bestselling text Reaction Mechanisms at a Glance. This book takes a unique approach to show that a general problem-solving strategy is applicable to many of the common reactions of organic chemistry, demonstrating that logical and stepwise reasoning, in combination with a good understanding of the fundamentals, is a powerful tool to apply to the solution of problems.

Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicines brings together current thinking and practice in the areas of characterization and validation of natural products. This book reviews all aspects of evaluation and development of medicines from plant sources, including their cultivation, collection, phytochemical and phyto-pharmacological evaluation, and therapeutic potential. Emphasis is placed on describing the full range of evidence-based analytical and bio-analytical techniques used to chara...

Applications of NMR Spectroscopy, Volume 3 presents the latest developments in the field of NMR spectroscopy, including the analysis of the structure-property relationship of polyphenols, breast cancer diagnosis, drug discovery and formulation, protein confirmation analysis using Fluorine NMR, and enaminone studies. The well-illustrated chapters contain comprehensive references to the recent literature. The content is ideal for readers who are seeking reviews and updates, as it consolidate...

Machining of Polymer Matrix Composites will serve as an indispensable reference/source book for process design, tool and production engineers in composite manufacturing. This book provides the reader with a comprehensive scientific treatment of the theory of machining as it applies to fiber reinforced polymer composites, covers the latest technical advances in the area of machining and tooling and discusses the applications of fiber reinforced polymer composites as they are used in the air...

Chemical structure and bonding. The scope of the series spans the entire Periodic Table and addresses structure and bonding issues associated with all of the elements. It also focuses attention on new and developing areas of modern structural and theoretical chemistry such as nanostructures, molecular electronics, designed molecular solids, surfaces, metal clusters and supramolecular structures. Physical and spectroscopic techniques used to determine, examine and model structures fall with...

The series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry presents critical overviews of research results in organometallic chemistry. As our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanisms increases, new ways are opened for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as organic synthesis, medical research, biology and materials science. Thus the scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics in pure and applied organometall...

This thesis focuses on the development of new methods of functionalizing carboranes using o-carboryne intermediates. Functional carboranes are now finding a broad range of applications, including organic synthesis, drug design, polymers, catalysis, metal−organic frameworks, electronic devices and more. However, the limited number of efficient synthetic methods for obtaining functional carborane materials has restricted their applications. The methodologies established in this thes...