Wilhelm Leibnitz, like Descartes, Hobbes and Spinoza, is convinced of the importance of the mechanical explanation of nature. His three predecessors regarded the mechanical principles as self-evident and as given once for all, and assumed the task of interpreting the various elements of reality in harmony with the principle of mechanical causality. Leibnitz however subjects the principle of causality to a profounder analysis by inquiring into its presuppositions and seeking to refer it bac...

"Evolution in Modern Thought" is a significant work that explores the intricate ideas surrounding evolution and its impact on contemporary philosophy and science. The book delves into the contributions of notable figures such as William Bateson, who advanced the understanding of genetics, and Ernst Haeckel, who popularized evolutionary theory. It also examines the philosophical implications of evolution as discussed by thinkers like J. B. Bury and Harald Hoffding, providing a comprehensive...

What is Enlightenment?Enlightenment is man's release from his self-incurred tutelage. Tutelage is man's inability to make use of his understanding without direction from another. Self-incurred is this tutelage when its cause lies not in lack of reason but in lack of resolution and courage to use it without direction from another. "Have courage to use your own reason!" - that is the motto of enlightenment.

René Descartes is one the great philosophers and scientists whose thoughts and works influenced the development of the modern philosophy. He is also known for his Cartesian coordinate system in Mathematics. He was, in the full sense of the word, a partaker of the modern spirit and the first of the modern school of mathematicians. What is the influence of his work on the scientific thoughts up to nowadays? This is the story of René Descartes, the founder of the modern philosophy, the father...

Immanuel Kant and the Critical Philosophy."The critical philosophy has nothing to do with a theory of the evolution of knowledge, in the modern sense of the word. Its distinctive task is to discover the necessary principles which must be presupposed—howsoever human nature may be constituted—if a mental function, no matter whether it be cognition, aesthetic or ethical evaluation, or religious trust, is to attain any valid results. It investigates the conditions of the v...

The 'History of Ancient Egypt' collection offers a comprehensive exploration of one of the world's oldest civilizations through a blend of historical analysis, narrative histories, and interpretative essays. The anthology captures the intrigue of Egypt's pharaonic dynasties, the complexities of its theological landscapes, and the grandeur of its architectural achievements. Ranging from vivid descriptions of monumental structures to insights into daily Egyptian life, this collection provide...

"The Wonders of Life: A Popular Study of Biological Philosophy" by Ernst Haeckel is a profound exploration of the intricate relationship between life and the natural world. Haeckel, a prominent biologist and philosopher, delves into the principles of evolution and the interconnectedness of all living organisms. Through vivid illustrations and accessible language, he presents complex biological concepts in a way that captivates both the scientific community and the general public. His work ...

The world-renowned Egyptologist explores the reality behind her bestselling historical fiction in this "stunning" look at a remarkable civilization ( Publishers Weekly ).From the author of the Amelia Peabody novels written under the name Elizabeth Peters, this is a fascinating chronicle of an extraordinary people—from the first Stone Age settlements through the reign of Cleopatra and the Roman invasions. Temples, Tombs...

In "The Theories of Darwin and Their Relation to Philosophy, Religion, and Morality," Rudolf Schmid embarks on an intellectual journey exploring the intersecting realms of evolutionary theory and its profound implications on philosophical discourse, religious beliefs, and moral frameworks. Schmid employs a rigorous analytical style, meticulously dissecting Darwinian concepts while engaging with a broad spectrum of philosophical thought. The book situates itself within the broader context o...

In the midst of three of the Wests greatest cities reside towering Ancient Egyptian obelisks that date back over 3,000 years. So how exactly did 60+ feet tall obelisks go from Alexandria to London, New York City, and Paris, and what do these obelisks hieroglyphics say? Each one of the obelisks, dubbed Cleopatras Needle, has its own travel story, and James King tells of the spire that made its way to London. As fate would have it, the story would be a deadly one. Along the way, King transla...

IN the period upon which we are about to enter, the peoples of south-west Asia, Egypt and south-east Europe were brought Into very close contact one with another. Peaceful trading-journeys, ambitious wars by land and by sea, and some sweeping ethnical movements, which had the profoundest consequences for history, made the area virtually one interconnected whole. The history of no portion of this whole can properly be viewed quite apart from the rest, although naturally it will be necessary...

NUBIAN PHARAOHS AND MEROITIC KINGS: THE KINGDOM OF KUSHNecia Desiree Harkless has completed her odyssey of 24 years initiated by a poem that emerged in the odd moments of early morning and her studies as a Donovan Scholar at the University of Kentucky with Dr. William Y. Adams, the leading Nubiologist of the world. The awesome result is her attempt to map the cultural, social, political history of Nubia as a single people as actors on the world stage as they act out their ...