Despite increasing interest in how involvement in local government can improve governance and lead to civic renewal, questions remain about participation's real impact. This book investigates participatory budgeting—a mainstay now of World Bank, UNDP, and USAID development programs—to ask whether its reforms truly make a difference in deepening democracy and empowering civil society. Looking closely at eight cities in Brazil, comparing those that carried out participatory budgeting reforms...

Despite increasing interest in how involvement in local government can improve governance and lead to civic renewal, questions remain about participation's real impact. This book investigates participatory budgeting—a mainstay now of World Bank, UNDP, and USAID development programs—to ask whether its reforms truly make a difference in deepening democracy and empowering civil society. Looking closely at eight cities in Brazil, comparing those that carried out participatory budgeting reforms...

This volume on penitentiary systems in the Americas offers a long-overdue look at the prisons that exist at the forefront of the ongoing struggle against drugs and violence throughout North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean. From Haiti to Bolivia, the authors examine the conditions in these systems, and allow several common themes to emerge, including the alarming prevalence of lengthy pre-trial detention and the often abysmal living conditions in these institutions. Taken toge...

Every year millions of people living in tropical areas across the globe, are affected by trypanosomatids – the parasites causing Chagas disease, African trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis. According to WHO, these diseases are termed as neglected tropical diseases against which there are no effective vaccines and the few available treatments have many side effects, besides posing the risk of emerging drug resistant parasite strains. All these factors represent a significant challenge which ...

Frontiers in Parasitology is an Ebook series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in parasitology. Eminent scientists present reviews on the microbiology, cytology, epidemiology, genomics, and molecular biology of microbial parasites and their associated infections. Additionally, the series also gives information about new diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. The Ebook series is essential reading to all scientists involved in studying harmful microbes and their...

He’s an enigma and a mystery. A madman comprised of human flesh and man-metal left buried in a tomb of ice far below the frozen north. But there is more to his story. Much more. In this special ONE-SHOT issue of LOGAN’S RUN prepare to unveil the secret to BOX. His story has only just begun to be told!

This book constitutes selected papers presented during the two events: the First Forum, GranDGamesBR 2020, held in Recife, Brazil, in November 2020, and the Second Forum, GranDGamesBR 2021, held in Gramado, Brazi, in October 2021.The 12 papers presented were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. The topics included in this volume cover the following fields connected to games and entertainment computing: game design, educational games, games evaluation, game-based le...

This textbook covers the main tools and techniques used in bioanalysis, provides an overview of their principles, and offers several examples of their application and future trends in diagnosis.Chapters from expert contributors explore the role of bioanalysis in different areas such as biochemistry, physiology, forensics, and clinical diagnosis, including topics from sampling/sample preparation, chemometrics in bioanalysis to the latest techniques used in the field. Particular atte...

The bestselling dystopian novel that inspired the 1970s science-fiction classic starring Michael York, Jenny Agutter, and Richard Jordan.In 2116, it is against the law to live beyond the age of twenty-one years. When the crystal flower in the palm of your hand turns from red to black, you have reached your Lastday and you must report to a Sleepshop for processing. But the human will to survive is strong—stronger than any mere law.Logan 3 is a Sandman, an en...

Toxoplasmosis is caused by a one-celled protozoan parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii. In the United States, it is estimated that approximately 30% of cats, the primary carriers, have been infected by T. gondii. Most humans contract toxoplasmosis by eating cyst-contaminated raw or undercooked meat, vegetables, or milk products or when they come into contact with the T. gondii eggs from cat feaces while cleaning a cat's litterbox, gardening, or playing in a sandbox. Approx 1 in 4 (more than...

This book focuses on new small molecule approaches to combat viral infections. The chapters describe the discovery and development from bench through the clinic of relatively recently-approved antiviral drugs and compounds in advanced clinical development. Organized by a virus (such as HIV, HCV, RSV, influenza, HBV and CMV) and written by top academic and industrial authorities in the field, the book provides a unique opportunity to study, understand and apply discovery and development pri...

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Chatbot Research and Design, CONVERSATIONS 2021, which was held during November 2021.Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online.The 12 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 25 submissions. The papers in the proceedings are structured in four topical groups: Chatbot User Insight, Chatbots Supporting Collaboration and Social Interaction, and Chatbot UX...