THE period which elapsed between the close of the Crimean war and the establishment of the German Empire at the beginning of 1871, may be said to contain events of more importance as regards the European system than even its reconstruction by the Congress of Vienna. These events are, besides the new Empire just mentioned, and a few minor occurrences, the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy, the absorption of the Pope’s temporal power, the realization of Prussian supremacy, the decline of...

THE peace of Vervins was not very well observed on the part of France. The ruling idea which guided the foreign policy of Henry IV was to curb the power of the House of Austria: a plan incompatible with the letter of the treaty. In pursuance of this policy Henry became the supporter of Protestantism; not, perhaps, from any lingering affection for his ancient faith—his indifference in such matters has been already seen—but because the Protestants were the natural enemies of the Austrian Hou...

"Principles of Public Health" by Thomas Dyer Tuttle is a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts and practices that underpin public health. The book delves into the various determinants of health, including environmental, social, and economic factors, and emphasizes the importance of preventive measures in promoting community well-being. Tuttle's work is notable for its clear articulation of public health principles, making it accessible to both professionals and lay readers....

THE period which elapsed between the close of the Crimean war and the establishment of the German Empire at the beginning of 1871, may be said to contain events of more importance as regards the European system than even its reconstruction by the Congress of Vienna. These events are, besides the new Empire just mentioned, and a few minor occurrences, the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy, the absorption of the Pope's temporal power, the realization of Prussian supremacy, the decline of...

THE celebrated phrase of Louis XIV, “I am the State”, proclaimed the consummation of despotism. He asserted, and it was true, that the people, as a body politic, had been annulled by the Crown. Before a century had elapsed the maxim was reversed. The head of Louis’s second successor fell upon the scaffold, and the revolutionary disciples of Rousseau established the principle that the real sovereign is the people itself. Hence it would appear that, for all practical purposes, the causes of ...

THE celebrated phrase of Louis XIV, "I am the State", proclaimed the consummation of despotism. He asserted, and it was true, that the people, as a body politic, had been annulled by the Crown. Before a century had elapsed the maxim was reversed. The head of Louis's second successor fell upon the scaffold, and the revolutionary disciples of Rousseau established the principle that the real sovereign is the people itself. Hence it would appear that, for all practical purposes, the causes of ...

Written specifically for the young professional and addressing a growing need for a long service life with minimal maintenance, Concrete Durability takes a whole new look at the whole-life performance of structures. This text examines physical and chemical issues that can threaten the durability of concrete. It explores available options for achiev

Awareness of the importance of ensuring durability of concrete has been a growing concern of engineers, and there is now considerable understanding of the mechanisms, which cause its deterioration, and means of limiting such damage through the use of appropriate materials and approaches to design.Many of the deterioration mechanisms, which affect concrete, are the result of interaction with the non-living environment – chlorides in seawater, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, cyclic...

Popular and scholarly history presents a one-dimensional image of Napoleon as an inveterate instigator of war who repeatedly sought large-scale military conquests. General Franceschi and Ben Weider dismantle this false conclusion in The Wars Against Napoleon a brilliantly written and researched study that turns our understanding of the French emperor on its head.Avoiding the simplistic clichés and rudimentary caricatures many historians use when discussing Napoleon Franceschi and Weider ar...

A grand sweeping military history of the “pike and shot” era, with a particular emphasis on the Thirty Years’ War in Europe (1618–1648). Originally published in two volumes, the first covers the life of Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, and known as “The Lion of the North” by his many opponents. Born into an era of constant warfare, he became king at 17, transformed the Army of Sweden into the first truly modern military machine, and led it in person for twenty years until his untimely de...

With a new introduction by Andrew Roberts.'A penetrating interpretation...No one with a serious interest in the Napoleonic period can afford to ignore it. ' - Times Literary SupplementWhether viewed as an inspired leader or obsessed tyrant, Napoleon has divided opinion for over 200 years. Few individuals have left such a mark on history. Georges Lefebvre's classic work, published in Routledge Classics in one paperback volume in English for the first time, is a defi...

The Life of Napoleon by J. Holland Rose is a masterful and comprehensive biography that chronicles the extraordinary rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, one of history’s most influential and enigmatic figures. From his humble beginnings on the island of Corsica to his rise as Emperor of France, Rose explores the man who transformed Europe through his military genius, political reforms, and unparalleled ambition.Rose vividly recounts Napoleon’s greatest triumphs, including ...