technologie environnementale Livres audio

Panier

Article(s) non disponible(s) à la vente

Veuillez vérifier votre panier. Vous pouvez supprimer le ou les articles qui ne sont pas disponibles maintenant ou nous les supprimerons automatiquement au moment du règlement de la commande.

articlesarticle

- Accès illimité aux eBooks
  
  Accès illimité aux livres audio
  
  Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment sur kobo.com/account/subscriptions
  
  Obtenez 1•crédit chaque mois pour le livre audio de votre choix
  
  Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment sur kobo.com/account/subscriptions
  
  Accès illimité aux eBooks
  
  Accès illimité aux livres audio
  
  Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment sur kobo.com/account/subscriptions
  Livre audio
  par ,
  
  Disponible:
  
  . Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment sur kobo.com/account/subscriptions.
  
  Pré-commander
  1 livre audio par mois
  
  + Essai gratuit pendant 30 jours
  
  Offre spéciale
  
  Obtenez 1 crédit chaque mois pour un livre audio de votre choix
  
  * Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment
  
  GRATUIT

articlesarticle

Accès illimité aux eBooks

Accès illimité aux livres audio

Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment sur kobo.com/account/subscriptions

Obtenez 1•crédit chaque mois pour le livre audio de votre choix

Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment sur kobo.com/account/subscriptions

Accès illimité aux eBooks

Accès illimité aux livres audio

Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment sur kobo.com/account/subscriptions
Livre audio
par ,

Disponible:
. Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment sur kobo.com/account/subscriptions.

Pré-commander
1 livre audio par mois

+ Essai gratuit pendant 30 jours

Offre spéciale

Obtenez 1 crédit chaque mois pour un livre audio de votre choix

* Sans engagement, résiliez à tout moment

GRATUIT

Recommandé pour vous

Livre audio

How to Live Plastic Free

a day in the life of a plastic detox

par Luca Bonaccorsi, Marine Conservation Society ...

Lu par Ben Addis ...

Version Longue

4 heure 21 min

Thank you for choosing this book - it shows that you care about the future of our planet.Whether you decide to go plastic free for an hour, a day or a year, this book will equip you with little steps we can each take to make a big difference.Let's turn the tide on plastic now - our oceans will thank you for it.Choking. Starving. Poisoning.This is what plastic litter is doing to marine life. ... ... En savoir plus

21,66 €

Thank you for choosing this book - it shows that you care about the future of our planet.Whether you decide to go plastic free for an hour, a day or a year, this book will equip you with little steps we can each take to make a big difference.Let's turn the tide on plastic now - our oceans will thank you for it.Choking. Starving. Poisoning.This is what plastic litter is doing to marine life. ...
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Green Blockchain

Can Crypto Save the Planet?

par Ahmed Musa ...

Lu par Digital Voice Archie G ...

Version Longue

4 heure 35 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Green Blockchain examines the role of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in creating environmentally sustainable solutions. While blockchain and crypto have often been criticized for their energy consumption, this book explores how new advancements in blockchain technology are being designed to be more energy-efficient and eco-friendly. From ... En savoir plus

6,93 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Green Blockchain examines the role of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in creating environmentally sustainable solutions. While blockchain and crypto have often been criticized for their energy consumption, this book explores how new advancements in blockchain technology are being designed to be more energy-efficient and eco-friendly. From
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Making a Stock and Other Activities for a Healthy Life and Save the Planet at the Same Time

par R.L. Gemeinhardt ...

Lu par Trevor Ohara ...

Version Longue

2 heure 32 min

Making A Stock And Other Activities For A Healthy Life And Save The Planet At The Same Time presents you some great activities you can do to eat healthy by growing your own vegetables, making a great stock from leftover vegetables and much more. Activities include little and big things you can do yourself or with your family to help save the planet.Environmental issues affect us all, regardless of ... En savoir plus

7,20 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

Making A Stock And Other Activities For A Healthy Life And Save The Planet At The Same Time presents you some great activities you can do to eat healthy by growing your own vegetables, making a great stock from leftover vegetables and much more. Activities include little and big things you can do yourself or with your family to help save the planet.Environmental issues affect us all, regardless of
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

What If Renewable Energy Was Discovered First?

Redefining Progress: A Speculative Look at a World Fueled by the Sun, Wind, and Water

par Viruti Shivan ...

Lu par Digital Voice Madison G ...

Collection series WHAT IF SERIES
Version Longue

34 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Redefining Progress: A Speculative Look at a World Fueled by the Sun, Wind, and WaterWhat would our world look like if the first energy revolution was sparked by renewable sources rather than fossil fuels? "What If Renewable Energy Was Discovered First?" takes you on a speculative journey into an alternative history where solar panels, wind turbines, ... En savoir plus

8,66 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Redefining Progress: A Speculative Look at a World Fueled by the Sun, Wind, and WaterWhat would our world look like if the first energy revolution was sparked by renewable sources rather than fossil fuels? "What If Renewable Energy Was Discovered First?" takes you on a speculative journey into an alternative history where solar panels, wind turbines,
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

What Could Go Right

par Justin Bean ...

Lu par Dylan Wheeler ...

Version Longue

8 heure 22 min

WINNER: Nautilus Awards and Book Excellence Awards (Sustainability)Amazon BestsellerTired of all the doom and gloom? What Could Go Right invites you to ditch cynicism about the future, and build the one you want.Instead of worst-case scenarios or Pollyanna optimism, you can envision an ideal world and be empowered to build it. The opportunity of our era is to transition to a sustainable, equitable ... En savoir plus

12,45 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

WINNER: Nautilus Awards and Book Excellence Awards (Sustainability)Amazon BestsellerTired of all the doom and gloom? What Could Go Right invites you to ditch cynicism about the future, and build the one you want.Instead of worst-case scenarios or Pollyanna optimism, you can envision an ideal world and be empowered to build it. The opportunity of our era is to transition to a sustainable, equitable
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Cityscapes in Flux: The Synergy of Urban Planning and Climate Resilience

par Rodger Clements ...

Lu par Digital Voice Charlotte G ...

Version Longue

5 heure 50 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In this book, embark on a journey through the intricacies of cities seeking adaptive measures to combat climate change. Delve into the realm of effective urban planning and infrastructure development, where innovative strategies and resilience are paramount. Unveiling the symbiotic relationship between cities and climate, this insightful exploration ... En savoir plus

3,76 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In this book, embark on a journey through the intricacies of cities seeking adaptive measures to combat climate change. Delve into the realm of effective urban planning and infrastructure development, where innovative strategies and resilience are paramount. Unveiling the symbiotic relationship between cities and climate, this insightful exploration
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Ripples of Change: The Community's Battle Against Water Pollution

par Sabrina Mcbride ...

Lu par Digital Voice Alistair G ...

Version Longue

5 heure 6 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In this insightful book, explore the impact of community activism on one of our most pressing environmental issues: water pollution. Delving into the subject matter of our precious water resources, the author guides readers on a thought-provoking journey through the intertwined spheres of community engagement and environmental protection. Examining the ... En savoir plus

3,47 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In this insightful book, explore the impact of community activism on one of our most pressing environmental issues: water pollution. Delving into the subject matter of our precious water resources, the author guides readers on a thought-provoking journey through the intertwined spheres of community engagement and environmental protection. Examining the
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Power Up

An Engineer's Adventures into Sustainable Energy

par Yasmin Ali ...

Lu par Yasmin Ali ...

Version Longue

9 heure 52 min

'A stimulating and affable overview of how major feats of engineering can help the world beat the climate crisis.'NEW STATESMAN'A highly engaging personal account of changes in our complex energy system to enable a low carbon world.' MIKE BERNERS-LEE'This hugely readable energy odyssey is now part of my climate change crib sheet.'HELEN ARNEY----------R... ... En savoir plus

27,73 €

'A stimulating and affable overview of how major feats of engineering can help the world beat the climate crisis.'NEW STATESMAN'A highly engaging personal account of changes in our complex energy system to enable a low carbon world.' MIKE BERNERS-LEE'This hugely readable energy odyssey is now part of my climate change crib sheet.'HELEN ARNEY----------R...
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

No Miracles Needed

How Today’s Technology Can Save Our Climate and Clean Our Air

par Mark Z. Jacobson ...

Lu par Mike Lenz ...

Version Longue

18 heure 12 min

The world needs to turn away from fossil fuels and use clean, renewable sources of energy as soon as we can. Failure to do so will cause catastrophic climate damage sooner than you might think, leading to loss of biodiversity and economic and political instability. But all is not lost! We still have time to save the planet without resorting to 'miracle' technologies. We need to wave goodbye to ... En savoir plus

21,66 €

The world needs to turn away from fossil fuels and use clean, renewable sources of energy as soon as we can. Failure to do so will cause catastrophic climate damage sooner than you might think, leading to loss of biodiversity and economic and political instability. But all is not lost! We still have time to save the planet without resorting to 'miracle' technologies. We need to wave goodbye to
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

The Hydrogen Revolution

a blueprint for the future of clean energy

par Marco Alverà ...

Lu par Matthew Spencer ...

Version Longue

7 heure 49 min

'Engaging, authoritative and very timely. Marco Alverà spells Hydrogen's critical role as an energy store in the clean power transition' - Mike Berners-Lee, author of THERE IS NO PLANET BPicture this: It's 2050. The looming shadow of climate change is finally receding. The planet's temperature is stabilising. Rainforests and coral reefs beginning to thrive once more. We are returning to ... En savoir plus

21,66 €

'Engaging, authoritative and very timely. Marco Alverà spells Hydrogen's critical role as an energy store in the clean power transition' - Mike Berners-Lee, author of THERE IS NO PLANET BPicture this: It's 2050. The looming shadow of climate change is finally receding. The planet's temperature is stabilising. Rainforests and coral reefs beginning to thrive once more. We are returning to
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Racing Green

How Motorsport Science Can Save the World – THE RAC MOTORING BOOK OF THE YEAR

par Kit Chapman ...

Lu par Chris Nayak ...

Version Longue

10 heure 24 min

Bloomsbury presents Racing Green by Kit Chapman, read by Chris Nayak.Racing Green is the story of how advances in motorsport science are changing the world, helping it become smarter and more environmentally friendly.Motor racing is already one of the most scientifically demanding sports: it involves a combination of peak physical and mental skill, world-class mechanical nous and perennial ... En savoir plus

18,38 €

Bloomsbury presents Racing Green by Kit Chapman, read by Chris Nayak.Racing Green is the story of how advances in motorsport science are changing the world, helping it become smarter and more environmentally friendly.Motor racing is already one of the most scientifically demanding sports: it involves a combination of peak physical and mental skill, world-class mechanical nous and perennial
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Fragile Minds: Unveiling the Hidden Burden

par Paulette Mathis ...

Lu par Digital Voice Cole G ...

Version Longue

4 heure 8 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In a world where temperatures rise to unprecedented levels, and natural disasters are the new norm, a deep exploration into the human mind is conducted. This high-stakes journey delves into the intricate web that connects climate change and mental health. Uncover the hidden truth behind the psychological toll of a changing climate, and journey ... En savoir plus

4,38 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In a world where temperatures rise to unprecedented levels, and natural disasters are the new norm, a deep exploration into the human mind is conducted. This high-stakes journey delves into the intricate web that connects climate change and mental health. Uncover the hidden truth behind the psychological toll of a changing climate, and journey
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Microlands

The Future of Life on Earth (and Why It’s Smaller Than You Think)

par J. Craig Venter, David Ewing Duncan ...

Lu par Paul Brion ...

Version Longue

8 heure 18 min

'An epic travelogue, brimming with the excitement of discovery. With characteristic panache, Venter unveils the teeming array of bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes that crowd our planet's oceans' - Siddhartha Mukherjee'This page-turner gives . . . the thrill of seeing our planet's largest universe through the brilliant, intrepid eyes of the scientist who has done more than anyone to unlock the ... En savoir plus

27,73 €

'An epic travelogue, brimming with the excitement of discovery. With characteristic panache, Venter unveils the teeming array of bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes that crowd our planet's oceans' - Siddhartha Mukherjee'This page-turner gives . . . the thrill of seeing our planet's largest universe through the brilliant, intrepid eyes of the scientist who has done more than anyone to unlock the
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Up

The inspiring guide to the wonders of the air, sky, and space, from the award-winning scientist

par Dr Lucy Rogers ...

Lu par Dr Lucy Rogers ...

Version Longue

9 heure 4 min

**Brought to you by Penguin.Join engineer Lucy Rogers in the timeless tradition of stargazers, cloud watchers, and dreamers – and let the skies inspire you.**The sky is a world of endless wonder. From the intricate dance of clouds and the vibrant hues of the aurora borealis to the marvel of effortless soaring birds and the silent majesty of the stars, it is a living storybook.In Up, inventor and ... En savoir plus

16,08 €

**Brought to you by Penguin.Join engineer Lucy Rogers in the timeless tradition of stargazers, cloud watchers, and dreamers – and let the skies inspire you.**The sky is a world of endless wonder. From the intricate dance of clouds and the vibrant hues of the aurora borealis to the marvel of effortless soaring birds and the silent majesty of the stars, it is a living storybook.In Up, inventor and
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Das ökologische Wirtschaftswunder. Arbeit und Wohlstand für alle. Mit einem Vorwort von Hermann Scheer

par Franz Alt, Franz Alt ...

Lu par Norbert Hülm ...

Version Longue

4 heure 41 min

Franz Alts Modell der ökologischen Wirtschaftsreform basiert weniger auf Verzicht, als auf einem klugen Umgang mit Ressourcen. Alt analysiert die Ergebnisse der ökologischen Steuerreform und zeigt auf, welches volkswirtschaftliche Potenzial in umweltschonenden Technologien verborgen liegt. - ... En savoir plus

9,99 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

Franz Alts Modell der ökologischen Wirtschaftsreform basiert weniger auf Verzicht, als auf einem klugen Umgang mit Ressourcen. Alt analysiert die Ergebnisse der ökologischen Steuerreform und zeigt auf, welches volkswirtschaftliche Potenzial in umweltschonenden Technologien verborgen liegt. -
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Rise of Bioplastics, The

Redefining Packaging for the Planet

par Ahmed Musa ...

Lu par Digital Voice Archie G ...

Version Longue

4 heure 16 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Bioplastics are emerging as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastic, offering a more sustainable solution for packaging. This book explores the different types of bioplastics, their advantages and limitations, and how they are being used in industries ranging from food packaging to textiles.With insights into the science of bioplastics, this ... En savoir plus

6,93 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Bioplastics are emerging as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastic, offering a more sustainable solution for packaging. This book explores the different types of bioplastics, their advantages and limitations, and how they are being used in industries ranging from food packaging to textiles.With insights into the science of bioplastics, this
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Circular Design

Creating Products With Infinite Life Cycles

par Ahmed Musa ...

Lu par Digital Voice Archie G ...

Version Longue

4 heure 10 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.The concept of circular design is at the forefront of sustainability efforts, promoting products that can be reused, refurbished, and recycled indefinitely. This book explores the principles of circular design, offering insights into how businesses can create products that minimize waste and maximize longevity.From eco-friendly materials to sustainable ... En savoir plus

6,93 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.The concept of circular design is at the forefront of sustainability efforts, promoting products that can be reused, refurbished, and recycled indefinitely. This book explores the principles of circular design, offering insights into how businesses can create products that minimize waste and maximize longevity.From eco-friendly materials to sustainable
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Not the End of the World

The Sunday Times bestseller that will make you rethink everything you thought you knew about climate change

par Hannah Ritchie ...

Lu par Hannah Ritchie ...

Version Longue

9 heure 25 min

Brought to you by Penguin.** THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER ****A FINANCIAL TIMES, GUARDIAN, WAITROSE WEEKEND BEST SUMMER READ**‘A book for anyone who finds it difficult to believe in a better future’ THE TIMESFeeling anxious, powerless, or confused about the future of our planet? This book will transform how you see our biggest environmental p... ... En savoir plus

16,08 €

Brought to you by Penguin.** THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER ****A FINANCIAL TIMES, GUARDIAN, WAITROSE WEEKEND BEST SUMMER READ**‘A book for anyone who finds it difficult to believe in a better future’ THE TIMESFeeling anxious, powerless, or confused about the future of our planet? This book will transform how you see our biggest environmental p...
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Hydroponics at Home

Sustainable Gardening Indoors

par Ahmed Musa ...

Lu par Digital Voice Archie G ...

Version Longue

4 heure 22 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Hydroponics is revolutionizing the way we grow food, enabling individuals to cultivate fresh produce indoors with minimal water and space. This book provides a step-by-step guide to setting up your own hydroponic garden at home, offering practical advice on selecting systems, growing mediums, and suitable plants.Learn how hydroponics can be a ... En savoir plus

6,93 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Hydroponics is revolutionizing the way we grow food, enabling individuals to cultivate fresh produce indoors with minimal water and space. This book provides a step-by-step guide to setting up your own hydroponic garden at home, offering practical advice on selecting systems, growing mediums, and suitable plants.Learn how hydroponics can be a
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Green Horizons: Illuminate Future's Power

par Lanny Whitney ...

Lu par Digital Voice Matt G ...

Version Longue

6 heure 34 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In this captivating book, embark on a journey to explore the myriad possibilities of renewable energy sources. Unveil the extraordinary potential of solar power, wind energy, hydropower, and geothermal resources in their quest to displace fossil fuels. Join us as we dive into the intricate world of sustainable energy and discover the promising ... En savoir plus

4,33 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In this captivating book, embark on a journey to explore the myriad possibilities of renewable energy sources. Unveil the extraordinary potential of solar power, wind energy, hydropower, and geothermal resources in their quest to displace fossil fuels. Join us as we dive into the intricate world of sustainable energy and discover the promising
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Mountains Ecosystems: Unveiling Climate's Havoc

par Dennis Cannon ...

Lu par Digital Voice Cole G ...

Version Longue

2 heure 31 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In this thought-provoking book, the intricate relationship between climate change and mountain ecosystems takes center stage. Delving into the depths of this complex issue, the reader is transported to the captivating world of mountains and their delicate balance with nature. Through compelling narratives and extensive research, the book unravels the ... En savoir plus

4,40 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.In this thought-provoking book, the intricate relationship between climate change and mountain ecosystems takes center stage. Delving into the depths of this complex issue, the reader is transported to the captivating world of mountains and their delicate balance with nature. Through compelling narratives and extensive research, the book unravels the
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Nature’s Best Hope

The Essential Guide on How to Go Green. Discover Practices That Will Help You Protect Mother Earth

par Tristan Salem ...

Lu par Marcus Mulenga ...

Version Longue

14 min

Nature’s Best Hope: The Essential Guide on How to Go Green. Discover Practices That Will Help You Protect Mother EarthReports on global warming and climate change seem to be everywhere and people are starting to get alarmed. However, the publication of these reports may be a good thing since it presents that there is awareness of this particular problem. As a response, people want to find ways on ... En savoir plus

3,90 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

Nature’s Best Hope: The Essential Guide on How to Go Green. Discover Practices That Will Help You Protect Mother EarthReports on global warming and climate change seem to be everywhere and people are starting to get alarmed. However, the publication of these reports may be a good thing since it presents that there is awareness of this particular problem. As a response, people want to find ways on
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Near Zero Cost Ecofriendly Gardening : A Thrilling Practical Experience

par Dr. King, Anand ...

Lu par Dr. King ...

Collection Livre audio 1 - Hobby books
Version Longue

1 heures 58 min

Try this simple, totally safe, environment friendly alternative at almost no cost. No more harmful pesticides. No expensive chemical fertilizers. Not even bulky organic manures. A real practical choice that can revolutionize gardening. ... En savoir plus

4,00 € ou Gratuit avec Kobo Plus

Try this simple, totally safe, environment friendly alternative at almost no cost. No more harmful pesticides. No expensive chemical fertilizers. Not even bulky organic manures. A real practical choice that can revolutionize gardening.
... En savoir plus
Livre audio

Speed & Scale

An Action Plan for Solving Our Climate Crisis Now

par John Doerr, Ryan Panchadsaram ...

Lu par John Doerr, Sundar Pichai, Margot Brown, Badri Kothandaraman, Bruce Nilles, Jagdeep Singh, Laurene Powell Jobs, Jan Van Dokkum, Christiana Figueres0, Fred Krupp1 ...

Version Longue

11 heure 58 min

#1 bestselling author and acclaimed venture capitalist John Doerr reveals a sweeping action plan to conquer humanity’s greatest challenge: climate change.In 2006, John Doerr was moved by Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth and a challenge from his teenage daughter: “Dad, your generation created this problem. You better fix it.” Since then, Doerr has searched for solutions to this existential problem ... En savoir plus

19,50 €

#1 bestselling author and acclaimed venture capitalist John Doerr reveals a sweeping action plan to conquer humanity’s greatest challenge: climate change.In 2006, John Doerr was moved by Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth and a challenge from his teenage daughter: “Dad, your generation created this problem. You better fix it.” Since then, Doerr has searched for solutions to this existential problem
... En savoir plus

Kobo Rakuten

Liseuses

Applis

Accessoires

Panier

Vous profitez des avantages réservés aux VIP !

Votre panier est vide

Disponible:

1 livre audio par mois

+ Essai gratuit pendant 30 jours

Disponible:

1 livre audio par mois

+ Essai gratuit pendant 30 jours

Recommandé pour vous

Livres audio technologie environnementale

How to Live Plastic Free

Green Blockchain

Making a Stock and Other Activities for a Healthy Life and Save the Planet at the Same Time

What If Renewable Energy Was Discovered First?

What Could Go Right

Cityscapes in Flux: The Synergy of Urban Planning and Climate Resilience

Ripples of Change: The Community's Battle Against Water Pollution

Power Up

No Miracles Needed

The Hydrogen Revolution

Racing Green

Fragile Minds: Unveiling the Hidden Burden

Microlands

Up

Das ökologische Wirtschaftswunder. Arbeit und Wohlstand für alle. Mit einem Vorwort von Hermann Scheer

Rise of Bioplastics, The

Circular Design

Not the End of the World

Hydroponics at Home

Green Horizons: Illuminate Future's Power

Mountains Ecosystems: Unveiling Climate's Havoc

Nature’s Best Hope

Near Zero Cost Ecofriendly Gardening : A Thrilling Practical Experience

Speed & Scale