This book introduces the core ideas of L.E.J. Brouwer’s approach to constructivity in mathematics, focusing on analysis, set theory, and topology, while considering his philosophical motivations. Brouwer’s “intuitionism” offers a coherent alternative to classical (nonconstructive) mathematics.Starting with the rejection of the Principle of the Excluded Middle, the book reconstructs number systems and analysis using Cauchy sequences. It compares constructive and classical methods, h...

This volume tackles Gödel's two-stage project of first using Husserl's transcendental phenomenology to reconstruct and develop Leibniz' monadology, and then founding classical mathematics on the metaphysics thus obtained. The author analyses the historical and systematic aspects of that project, and then evaluates it, with an emphasis on the second stage.The book is organised around Gödel's use of Leibniz, Husserl and Brouwer. Far from considering past philosophers irrelevant to ac...