A collection of speeches and essays from the acclaimed Jamaican political activist, publisher, journalist, and orator hailed as "Black Moses."A selection of Marcus Garvey's addresses and writings, The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey was originally compiled by his widow, Amy Jacques Garvey, to keep track of her husband's opinions and sayings over his career. However, in 1923, she decided to publish the collection and give the public the opportunity ...

First published posthumously in 1986, ‘Message to the People’ captures the bold vision and enduring voice of Marcus Garvey, a pioneering leader of the Pan-African movement. Originally presented as part of a private course for members of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in the 1920s, this powerful text serves as a direct guide to Black empowerment, unity, and self-determination. In this concise and passionate work, Garvey outlines his philosophy of racial pride, economic i...

Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey is a powerful collection of essays, speeches, and articles by the influential Black nationalist leader. This thought-provoking book explores Garvey’s vision for the empowerment and liberation of African people worldwide, addressing topics such as self-reliance, pan-Africanism, and the struggle against racism and colonialism. An essential read for anyone interested in understanding the roots of the Black liberation movement and the enduring legacy of...

In 1937, Marcus Garvey, founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and one of the most controversial figures in the history of race relations, assembled his most trusted organizers to impart his life's lessons. For one month he instructed this elite student body — at its peak the largest international mass movement of African peoples — on topics ranging from universal knowledge and how to attain it to leadership, character, God, and the social system.A crucial guide to t...

Volume XIII of The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers covers the twelve months between the UNIA's second international convention in New York in August 1921 and the third convention in August 1922. It was a particularly tumultuous time for Garvey and the UNIA: Garvey’s relationship with the UNIA's top leadership began to fracture, the U.S. federal government charged Garvey with mail fraud, and his Black Star Line operation suffered massive fi...

Volume XII of the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers covers a period of twelve months, from the opening of the UNIA's historic first international convention in New York, in August 1920, to Marcus Garvey's return to the United States in July 1921 after an extended tour of Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Costa Rica, and Belize. In many ways the 1920 convention marked the high-point of the Garvey movement in the United States, while Garvey's tour of the...

With Volume XI: The Caribbean Diaspora, 1910–1920, Duke University Press proudly assumes publication of the final volumes of The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. This invaluable archival project documents the impact and spread of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), the organization founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914 and led by him until his death in 1940. Volume XI is the first to focus on the Caribbean, where the UNIA was re...

When he published its third edition from London, Garvey described The Tragedy of White Injustice in these terms: "It must be remembered that this is not an attempt at poetry: it is just a peculiar style of using facts as they impress me as I go through the pages of history and as I look at and note the conduct of the white race." Garvey wrote this "epic poem" while in an Atlanta prison. Its first and second editions were published while he was serving a five-year sentence "as the result of...

One of the most important and controversial figures in the history of race relations in America and the world at large, Marcus Garvey was the first great black orator of the twentieth century. The Jamaican-born African-American rights advocated dismayed his enemies as much as he dazzled his admirers. Of him, Martin Luther King, Jr., said, “He was the first man, on a mass scale and level, to give millions of Negroes a sense of dignity and destiny, and make the Negro feel that he was somebod...

This biography of Marcus Garvey documents the forging of his remarkable vision of pan-Africanism and highlights his organizational skills in framing a response to the radical global popular upsurge following the First World War (1914–1918). Central to Garvey’s response was the development of organizations under the umbrella of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, which garnered the transnational support of several million members and sympathizers and ...

One of the most important and controversial figures in the history of race relations in America and the world at large, Marcus Garvey was the first great black orator of the twentieth century. The Jamaican-born African-American rights advocated dismayed his enemies as much as he dazzled his admirers. Of him, Martin Luther King, Jr., said, “He was the first man, on a mass scale and level, to give millions of Negroes a sense of dignity and destiny, and make the Negro feel that he was somebod...

Marcus Garvey (August 17, 1887 - June 10, 1940) was a charismatic Jamaican-born political leader, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator. He organized the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) and acted as its President-General. In 1916 he moved to New York City where his prominence grew. By 1919 he was considered to be the “Black Moses,” and he claimed a following of over 2 million people. This recording is from a speech he gave in the ...