This paper explores aspects of inequality in Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC. This millennium was the era of early cities, which were accompanied by expanded hierarchies of power, new social identities, and innovative modes of working and labour management. Selected types of material culture–statues, amulets, eye idols, clay cone mosaics and bevelled-rim bowls– are explored. Their frequency, quality, raw materials, production and use contexts have a range of implications with rega...

In the 4th millennium BC, Mesopotamia witnessed the world’s first urban settlements and associated economic and political complexities. However, the burial practices of this period are poorly known, leaving a gap in our reconstruction of the social implications of this important transition. The funerary traditions of the preceding and succeeding 5th and 3rd millennium BC in Mesopotamia are well-known, but there does not appear to be a continuum of practice across the intervening millennium...

Horemheb ruled Egypt after Tutankhamun, and was fundamental in bringing Egypt back to the rich and powerful nation it was before Akhenaten took the throne. Rather than simply clearing up the mess left behind after the Amarna period, he lay the foundations for the kings who were to come, and his choice of heir to the throne, led eventually to the rule of Ramses II, one of the most famous kings in Egyptian history.This book puts Horemheb in his rightful place in Egyptian chronology a...

Do you know who the ancient Egyptian god of the underworld is? What type of mask would an embalmer wear whilst carrying out the mummification process on a body? Who was the most successful of all the pharaohs? All these questions and more are answered in this fascinating easy-to-read guide to ancient Egypt. Whether you are studying the subject and need access to the important information fast, or you are just interested in this fascinating period of history, this excellent quick-read guide...

The Sumerian World explores the archaeology, history and art of southern Mesopotamia and its relationships with its neighbours from c.3,000 - 2,000BC. Including material hitherto unpublished from recent excavations, the articles are organised thematically using evidence from archaeology, texts and the natural sciences. This broad treatment will also make the volume of interest to students looking for comparative data in allied subjects such as ancient literature and early religion...

Speak Swahili Instantly! Easy to follow; perfect for beginners. Over 1000 essential words and phrases. Perfect your pronunciation with transliteration. Practical and conversational. Easy reference dictionary included. No complex jargon or grammar. Over 1000 essential words and phrases in one handy guide. Transliteration and pronunciation guide to help you get started immediately.

Making Out in Turkish is a fun, accessible and thorough Turkish phrase book and guide to the Turkish language as it's really spoken.Sana hayranim! Seni tekrar ne zaman gorecegim?—(I adore you! When can I see you again?) Answer this correctly in Turkish, and you may be going on a hot date. Incorrectly, and you could be hurting someone's feelings or getting a slap! Turkish classes and textbooks tend to spend a lot of time rehearsing for the...

NEW: The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader APP is now available on Google Play:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.oxola.turkishreaderThe Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader has been specially designed for intermediate and advanced learners of Turkish and comprises a broad selection of graded readings.Written by prominent Turkish academics and journalists, the collection of modern texts presented here ...

“Beğenideki dönüşüm ilk olarak, muhafazakâr orta sınıfların şehrin gözde muhitlerindeki lüks sitelere yerleşmelerine yansıdı. (…) Bu sınırlar dahilindeki yeniden inşa sürecinde, muhafazakâr orta sınıflar, mobilyalarına, kıyafetlerine ve bedenlerine alışık olmadıkları bir tarz verdiler. Bu yeni hayat tarzını toplumsal hayatta sunma konusunda eskiye nazaran daha rahat hissettiler ve böylelikle ‘muhafazakâr çekimserlik’ ya da içe kapanıklık buharlaştı.”Muhafazakâr orta sınıflarda yeni...

Textile and dress production, from raw materials to finished items, has had a significant impact on society from its earliest history. The essays in this volume offer a fresh insight into the emerging interdisciplinary research field of textile and dress studies by discussing archaeological, iconographical and textual evidence within a broad geographical and chronological spectrum. The thirteen chapters explore issues, such as the analysis of textile tools, especially spindle whorls, and t...

The Sumerians are widely believed to have created the world’s earliest civilization on the fertile floodplains of southern Iraq from about 3500 to 2000 BC. They have been credited with the invention of nothing less than cities, writing and the wheel, and therefore hold an ancient mirror to our own urban, literate world. But is this picture correct? Paul Collins reveals how the idea of a Sumerian people was assembled from the archaeological and textual evidence uncovered in Iraq and Syria o...

Gathered in this small and easy reading volume are all the information on the famous queen Nefertari, wife of the pharaoh Ramses II. A journey guided by words and pictures that explore her life, her power, her beauty and her astuteness, qualities that, to these days, are still admired and pursued by many.