The internet has changed so many things in our world. Snail mail letters were replaced with email. We Skype instead of draining our wallets with long-distance phone calls. And we shop on Amazon instead of fighting for a parking space and dealing with the crowds at the local shopping mall.And that’s just a small taste of all the disruptions we’ve enjoyed thanks to the internet.Do you want to make money through the internet? Are you tired of being told that it's easy to make ...

The Chinese economy has been the subject of substantial research in recent years in the United States and abroad. Much has been made of significant strides toward industrial development since the Communist takeover. But it is impossible to understand what has been achieved unless one measures these gains against economic events in the pre-Communist period. This book offers a record of China's industrialization, with its comprehensive statistical analysis of the industrial growth of pre-Com...

From the million-copy-selling author of A Random Walk Down Wall Street, the perfect guide to investing in the next economic giant.In From Wall Street to the Great Wall, Burton G. Malkiel and his coauthors show how average investors can tap into the opportunities this affords without losing their shirts. The authors present firsthand knowledge from their research trips to China on how Chinese firms and industries, as well as multinationals in the U...

Building on the work carried out in the 2004 Routledge book, Tax Systems and Tax Reforms in Europe, an international team of contributors now turn their attention to the new EU member states. The book compares conditions in the new and potential EU Member states to those in the long-standing EU countries. Topics covered include:* A Comparative View of Taxation in the EU and in New Members* Tax Policy in EU New Members* Tax Policy in New Members under the Stab...

There are three main types of foreign-invested enterprises, namely, the equity joint venture (EJV), the cooperative joint venture (CJV) and the wholly-owned foreign enterprise (WOFE). Together, they are referred to as foreign-invested enterprises or FIEs.

In 1995–96 the President of Azerbaijan, Heydar Alieyev, launched a program of agrarian reforms that caused a sweeping and irreversible shift from Soviet-style collective agriculture to individual farming in his country. These reforms led to an impressive recovery and substantial productivity improvements in agriculture. The agrarian transition in Azerbaijan contrasts with that in Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, where land privatization has been accompanied by policies encouraging the pers...

**“A fascinating insight into the evolution of China’s financial policy and its strategic investments using leveraged foreign exchange reserves.” —Diane Coyle, *Enlightened Economist ***“[Liu] shows that Chinese sovereign funds are so different from better-known sovereign wealth funds, such as those of the governments of Abu Dhabi and Norway, that she prefers to call them ‘sovereign leveraged funds’...These various exotic workarounds, which Liu skillfully traces, produce ‘shadow re...

This book provides detailed systematic micro-level analysis of the historical development of the Chinese banking industry, focusing in particular on the development of the Bank of China (BOC) in the period 1905 to 1949.Banking reform is a key area of China’s economic transformation, and this book, bringing a vast amount of material to a Western audience for the first time, provides a detailed evidence of the key challenges faced by a major Chinese bank. The book:addre...

By 1999, Russia's economy was growing at almost 7% per year, and by 2008 reached 11th place in the world GDP rankings. Russia is now the world's second largest producer and exporter of oil, the largest producer and exporter of natural gas, and as a result has the third largest stock of foreign exchange reserves in the world, behind only China and Japan. But while this impressive economic growth has raised the average standard of living and put a number of wealthy Russians on the Forbes bil...

In Gaining Currency, leading China scholar Eswar S. Prasad describes how the renminbi (RMB) is taking the world by storm and explains its role in reshaping global finance. This book sets the recent rise of the RMB, China's currency since 1949, against a sweeping historical backdrop. China issued the world's first paper currency in the 7th century. In the 13th century, Kublai Khan issued the first-ever currency to circulate widely despite not being backed by commodities or precious...

The crisis threatens the welfare of about 160 million people in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region who are poor or are just above the poverty line. Using pre-crisis household data along with aggregate macroeconomic outturns to simulate the impact of the crisis on households transmitted via credit market shocks, price shocks, and income shocks this report finds that adverse effects are widespread and that poor and non-poor households alike are vulnerable. By 2010, for the region as a who...

Sustainability of Pension Systems in the New EU Member States and Croatia is part of the World Bank Working Paper series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion.This study finds that pension reforms in recent years have improved the efficiency and sustainability of pension systems in the new member states of the European Union and Croatia. However, for many countries, these probably have not gone far enough ...