What is symbolic representation? Since Hanna Pitkin’s seminal The Concept of Representation, the symbolic has been the least studied dimension of political representation. Innovatively adopting a discursive approach, this book - the first full-length treatment of symbolic representation - focuses on gender issues to tackle important questions such as: What are women and men symbols of, and how is gender constructed in policy discourse? It studies what functions symbolic representation fulf...

This book explores the discursive constructions of gender equality and the implications of these understandings in a broad range of policy fields.Using gender equality as a prime example, a number of internationally renowned scholars offer a new vocabulary to identify and study processes of the reduction, amplification, shifting or freezing of meaning. The main aim of the book is to understand the dynamics and to reflect on the consequences of such discursive politics in recent pol...

This edited collection explores how party politics impacts the implementation of gender quotas in political representation across Europe. Contributors identify actors, institutions, and cultural legacies shape how quotas are put into practice. The volume’s subtitle, Resisting Institutions, points to the myriad ways in which parties and other institutions in Europe over time have resisted the inclusion of women into politics. As voluntary party quotas and legislative quotas gained ...

Belgium is a paradoxical case: a country that some argue should not exist, yet one that has been a model of both democratic innovation and political fragmentation. The Oxford Handbook of Belgian Politics dissects Belgium's unique institutional architecture, its complex linguistic and community divides, and its evolving federal structure. Despite its small size and historically precarious existence, Belgium has played an outsized role in both political practice and political scienc...

The multifaceted nature of harmful substance use and gambling requires interdisciplinary analysis to assess the underlying causes. What Determines Harm from Addictive Substances and Behaviours? draws together evidence from twelve disciplines including anthropology, genetics, neurobiology, and public policy. Using a developmental approach, the book presents evidence on the factors that influence the development of harmful substance use and gambling. The determinants of harm operate...

The third edition of this highly respected book covers the numerous political developments that have taken place in Belgium since 2012.This book features topics such as the implementation of the sixth state reform, the rebranding of political parties with new party leaders, several elections at all levels of government (from local to European) leading to new governing coalitions, democratic innovations in several parliaments, and, of course, the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and th...

By focusing on the wider process of negotiations, this novel volume presents the first systematic analysis of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). The authors include outstanding scholars and relevant practitioners from across disciplines and various academic institutions around Europe and North America, but also from outside of the transatlantic basin. While presenting a thorough examination of the process of TTIP negotiations, the volume is divided into four parts w...

The past, present, and possible future of the agency designed to act as "the world's environmental conscience."The United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) was founded in 1972 as a nimble, fast, and flexible entity at the core of the UN system--a subsidiary body rather than a specialized agency. It was intended to be the world's environmental conscience, an anchor institution that established norms and researched policy, leaving it to other organizations to ca...

This new volume presents a wealth of fresh data documenting and analyzing the different positions taken by governments in the development of the European Constitution.It examines how such decisions have substantial effects on the sovereignty of nation states and on the lives of citizens, independent of the ratification of a constitution. Few efforts have been made to document constitution building in a systematic and comparative manner, including the different steps and stages of t...

Covering the World Intellectual Property Organization, this volume introduces a much ignored element of the contemporary structure of global governance to scholars of international political economy.Christopher May discusses:how the World Intellectual Property Organization works, its antecedents and historythe debates about the role and justification of intellectual propertythe role of WIPO within contemporary global politicsthe...

The European Union and Human Rights: Analysis, Cases, and Materials maps and critiques the EU's commitment to human rights in both internal and external affairs. The book covers the evolution as well as the current state of the EU's engagement with human rights, focusing, on the internal side, on the role of the EU law in the multi-faceted system of human rights protection and, on the external side, on the EU's efforts to bind its foreign policy to promoting himan rights. This boo...

Over 70 countries and various international organizations have adopted data protection and privacy laws that regulate the cross-border transfer of personal data outside their borders. In an era of globalization and the Internet, these restrictions have immense implications for citizens, companies, and governments. This work, written by a renowned expert on data protection law, examines the history, policies, and future of transborder data flow regulation. Kuner traces the history of regula...