Increased industrial and agricultural activity has led to the contamination of the earth's soil and groundwater resources with hazardous chemicals. The presence of heavy metals, dyes, fluorides, dissolved solids, and many other pollutants used in industry and agriculture are responsible for hazardous levels of water pollution. The removal of these pollutants in water resources is challenging. Bioremediation is a new technique that employs living organisms, usually bacteria and fungi, to re...

Increased industrial and agricultural activity has led to the contamination of the earth's soil and groundwater resources with hazardous chemicals. The presence of heavy metals, dyes, fluorides, dissolved solids, and many other pollutants used in industry and agriculture are responsible for hazardous levels of water pollution. The removal of these pollutants in water resources is challenging. Bioremediation is a new technique that employs living organisms, usually bacteria and fungi, to re...

Rapid industrialization and urbanization associated with the environment changes calls for reduced pollution and thereby least use of fossil fuels. Biofuel cells are bioenergy resources and biocompatible alternatives to conventional fuel cells. Biofuel cells are one of the new sustainable renewable energy sources that are based on the direct conversion of chemical matters to electricity with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes as biocatalysts. The gradual depletion of fossil fuels, increa...

This book discusses polymeric and composite materials for aerospace industries and discusses some general qualities of aviation materials, e.g., strength, density, malleability, ductility, elasticity, toughness, brittleness, fusibility, conductivity, and thermal expansion.Metals and alloys have so far been best able to utilize their qualities almost to the maximum. The latest advancements in polymers and composites have opened up a new area of conjecture about how ...

This book explores the state-of-the-art information regarding applied soil sciences. It covers the fundamentals, model concepts, principles, chemical reactions, functions, chemical recycling, chemical weathering, acid-base chemistry, carbon sequestration, and nutrient availability of soils. Also, it includes soil chemistry of heavy-metals, environment, clay, ion-exchange processes, analytical tools and applications. This book helps to understand the about soil characteristics targeting soi...

BIODIESELThis outstanding new volume provides a comprehensive overview on biodiesel technologies, covering a broad range of topics and practical applications, edited by one of the most well-respected and prolific engineers in the world and his team.Energy technologies have attracted great attention due to the fast development of sustainable energy. Biodiesel technologies have been identified as the sustainable route through which overdepend...

Great attention has been paid to reduce the use of conventional chemical fertilizers harming living beings through food chain supplements from the soil environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative sustainable fertilizers to enhance soil sustainability and agriculture productivity. Biofertilizers are the substance that contains microorganisms (bacteria, algae, and fungi) living or latent cells that can enrich the soil quality with nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, organic ...

Edited by one of the most well-respected and prolific engineers in the world and his team, this book provides a comprehensive overview of solar cells and explores the history of evolution and present scenarios of solar cell design, classification, properties, various semiconductor materials, thin films, wafer-scale, transparent solar cells, and other fundamentals of solar cell design.Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert light photons into electricity ...

APPLIED WATER SCIENCE VOLUME 2The second volume in a new two-volume set on applied water science, this book provides understanding, occurrence, identification, toxic effects and control of water pollutants in an aquatic environment using green chemistry protocols. The high rate of industrialization around the world has led to an increase in the rate of anthropogenic activities which involve the release of different types of contaminants into the aquatic environment...

BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONSBiodegradable materials have ascended in importance in recent years and this book comprehensively discusses all facets and applications in 29 chapters making it a one-stop shop.Biodegradable materials have today become more compulsory because of increased environmental concerns and the growing demand for polymeric and plastic materials. Despite our sincere efforts to recycle used plastic materia...

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Sustainable Organic Synthesis provides an in-depth overview in the area of organic, pharmaceutical, engineering and environmental sciences, with a focus on the purification and extraction of fine chemicals, alternative green solvents, medicinal, analytical drugs, and bioactive compounds utilizing green chemistry protocols. It also focuses on the nanocatalysis, biocatalysis, solvent-free, recyclable organocata...

ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALSThe book presents an overview of metamaterials current state of development in several domains of application such as electromagnetics, electrical engineering, classical optics, microwave and antenna engineering, solid-state physics, materials sciences, and optoelectronics.Metamaterials have become a hot topic in the scientific community in recent years due to their remarkable electromagnetic properties. Metamat...