This book introduces the subject of artificial intelligence (AI), its structures, uses, application to the artificial neural network, technology applications, and the advantages and disadvantages of its use, including its potential weaknesses and drawbacks. AI, in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems. It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environ...

This book provides readers with an authoritative guide to measure, quantify and address customs, VAT and international trade risk, especially with a view to maximising the efficiency of both trade practice and the governance and collection of national revenue associated with the regulation and control of cross-border trade.Delivering expert insight into the rationale behind customs investigations, Managing International Trade Risk defines trader risk in terms of international trade...

Cargo management, especially in the maritime sphere, plays a vital role in the transfer of goods between seller and buyer. However, despite over 90% of the world’s international trade being conducted by sea, often very little is known about this subject by either party.This unique text provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the principal elements involved in the management of marine cargo and the carriage of goods by sea. Not only does it analyse key theories and debate...

This book explains the definition, concepts, practices and procedures of Free Zone operations; how they are created, how they operate, and their benefits to the global and national economy.Readers will be able to understand why Free Zones exist, their role in the development and maintenance of international trade, and how they contribute to national and global economic development and wellbeing, especially in developing nations. The author explains the processes in the establishmen...

This book covers the subjects of break bulk cargo, general cargo and project cargo, and how these cargoes are shipped. It deals with the cargoes themselves, the vessels used for their carriage, and how the carriage is managed using the process of vessel chartering. Alongside these, it also covers offshore vessel management and how offshore supply vessels are used to carry cargoes to offshore oil and gas installations.Break bulk cargo covers a wide variety of cargoes, from project c...

Cybernetics is about having a goal and taking action to achieve that goal. Knowing whether you have reached your goal (or at least are getting closer to it) requires “feedback”, a concept that was made rigorous by cybernetics.The subject of Cybernetic Synergy, although emanating from a socio-economic experiment of economic control by cybernetic means in Chile in the early 1970s, has never been approached as an applied subject in its own right. Indeed, the subject of applied cyberne...