This work poses a straightforward - yet at the same time perplexing - question about World War I: Why did it happen? Several of the oft-cited causes are reviewed and discussed. The argument of the alliance systems is inadequate, lacking relevance or compelling force. The arguments of mass demands, those focusing on nationalism, militarism and social Darwinism, it is argued, are insufficient, lacking indications of frequency, intensity, and process (how they influenced the various decisions...

A brilliant work of naval history, Deadly Seas tells the dramatic story of the birth, life, and death of two wartime vessels, one Allied, the other Axis, and, through them, the larger story of the epic Battle of the Atlantic itself.

In this breakthrough work — now available in English for the first time — the independent German-Norwegian explorer of soil life, graduate permaculture designer and graduate engineer Herwig Pommeresche shares his lifetime of research into humus.His entire career has focused on the theory and practice of humus management in gardening and farming. Digging deep into a myriad of little-known research papers, he compares their findings with the usual conventional methods.He foun...

This book is intended for readers and researchers with a particular interest in the indigenous peoples of the Americas. It is intended to be scholarly. The book's main objective is to estimate the original population of the Americas at the beginning of European conquest and colonization. To this end, the population figures of approximately 1,500 peoples or ethnic groups were estimated based on historical sources and - where available - archaeological research findings. This is likely the f...

Imaging of Bones and Joints: A Concise, Multimodality ApproachThis book is unique. It will guide you through the essentials of musculoskeletal imaging using a multimodality approach. Organized by categories of musculoskeletal disorders, it uses a "findings within-the-image" method to help you identify the typical imaging features of each condition.As a comprehensive reference compiled by well-known specialists in the field, it is useful for both practicing ...

Offering exhaustive coverage, detailed analyses, and the latest historical interpretations of events, this expansive, five-volume encyclopedia is the most comprehensive and detailed reference source on the First World War available today.One hundred years after the beginning of World War I in 1914, this conflict still stands as perhaps the most important event of the 20th century. World War I toppled all of the existing empires at the time, transformed the Middle E...

The major European powers drafted war plans before 1914 and executed them in August 1914; none brought the expected victory by Christmas. Why? This tightly focused collection of essays by international experts in military history reassesses the war plans of 1914 in a broad diplomatic, military, and political setting for the first time in three decades. The book analyzes the war plans of Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia on the basis of the latest research a...

This book collects peer-reviewed and presented papers from 2025 9th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval (NLPIR 2025), held in Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan during December 14–16, 2025. Nowadays, advances in computer engineering made it possible that humans may interact with the machines in their natural language either in the written or the spoken manner. At the same time, the amount of (textual) data available in big data bases as well as ...

This third open access volume of the handbook series deals with accelerator physics, design, technology and operations, as well as with beam optics, dynamics and diagnostics.A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of thefield approximate...

This insightful book provides a comprehensive account and assessment of the mechanisms of judicial accountability of EU agencies within the multi-layered system of EU administrative governance. It sheds light on the extent to which the peculiarities of EU agencies’ nature and actions affect litigation.The contributors provide expert analysis of the way in which the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) reviews complex economic or technical appraisals carried out by EU agenc...

This book serves as both a cutting-edge reference and a practical guide to building AI systems that are transparent, trustworthy, and tuned for real-world impact, featuring contributors from three continents and backed by leading institutions.Unlock the next wave of graph-based artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, and human-centric machine learning with this authoritative Springer proceedings book. Twenty-four rigorously peer-reviewed chapters—spanning semantic similarity in Wikip...

This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences.A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and dete...