Rakuten Kobo

Indkøbskurv

Vare(r) ikke tilgængelig til køb

Gennemgå din indkøbskurv. Du kan fjerne de(n) tilgængelige vare(r) nu, ellers fjerner vi det automatisk ved kassen.

varervare

- Ubegrænset adgang til e-bøger
  
  Ubegrænset adgang til lydbøger
  
  Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions
  
  Få 1 kredit hver måned til en lydbog efter eget valg
  
  Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions
  
  Ubegrænset adgang til e-bøger
  
  Ubegrænset adgang til lydbøger
  
  Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions
  lydbog
  af ,
  
  Ledig:
  
  . Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions.
  
  Forudbestilling
  1 lydbog om måneden
  
  + GRATIS 30-dages prøve
  
  Særtilbud
  
  Få 1 kredit hver måned til at bytte til en lydbog efter eget valg
  
  *Ingen forpligtelse, annuller når som helst
  
  GRATIS

varervare

Ubegrænset adgang til e-bøger

Ubegrænset adgang til lydbøger

Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions

Få 1 kredit hver måned til en lydbog efter eget valg

Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions

Ubegrænset adgang til e-bøger

Ubegrænset adgang til lydbøger

Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions
lydbog
af ,

Ledig:
. Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions.

Forudbestilling
1 lydbog om måneden

+ GRATIS 30-dages prøve

Særtilbud

Få 1 kredit hver måned til at bytte til en lydbog efter eget valg

*Ingen forpligtelse, annuller når som helst

GRATIS

Anbefalet til dig

Lydbog

The Storm Before the Storm

The Beginning of the End of the Roman Republic

af Mike Duncan ...

Fortalt af Mike Duncan ...

Uforkortet

10 timer 13 min

From the creator of the award-winning podcast series The History of Rome and Revolutions comes the fascinating history of the bloody battles, political machinations, and human drama that set the stage for the fall of the Roman Republic.**"Remarkably engaging." —**Washington PostThe Roman Republic was one of the most remarkable achievements in the history of civilization. Beginning as a small city ... Læs mere

224,42 kr.

From the creator of the award-winning podcast series The History of Rome and Revolutions comes the fascinating history of the bloody battles, political machinations, and human drama that set the stage for the fall of the Roman Republic.**"Remarkably engaging." —**Washington PostThe Roman Republic was one of the most remarkable achievements in the history of civilization. Beginning as a small city
... Læs mere
Lydbog

234 Ancient Rome Facts

Gladiators, Emperors, and Ruthless Power

af Scott Matthews ...

Fortalt af Digital Voice Nico Rhodes E ...

Uforkortet

6 timer 49 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Are you fascinated by Ancient Rome but looking for more than just battles? Have you ever wondered how a small village on the Tiber grew into one of history's greatest empires?Welcome to 234 Ancient Rome Facts: Gladiators, Emperors, and Ruthless Power. This audiobook goes beyond dates and names to explore the forces, ideas, and people that shaped a ... Læs mere

104,15 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Are you fascinated by Ancient Rome but looking for more than just battles? Have you ever wondered how a small village on the Tiber grew into one of history's greatest empires?Welcome to 234 Ancient Rome Facts: Gladiators, Emperors, and Ruthless Power. This audiobook goes beyond dates and names to explore the forces, ideas, and people that shaped a
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Julius Caesar: The Steel Republic

af Jamie Glick ...

Fortalt af Digital Voice Martin G ...

Uforkortet

5 timer

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Julius Caesar: The Steel RepublicAn Immersive Historical NarrativeRuntime: 4 hours 59 minutesStep into the fading light of a fractured superpower. Julius Caesar: The Steel Republic is a comprehensive, long-form historical narrative that traces the breathtaking rise and dramatic fall of Rome's most formidable figure. Moving beyond dry dates and ... Læs mere

80,10 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.Julius Caesar: The Steel RepublicAn Immersive Historical NarrativeRuntime: 4 hours 59 minutesStep into the fading light of a fractured superpower. Julius Caesar: The Steel Republic is a comprehensive, long-form historical narrative that traces the breathtaking rise and dramatic fall of Rome's most formidable figure. Moving beyond dry dates and
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Rome

Eternal City

af Ferdinand Addis ...

Fortalt af Ferdinand Addis ...

Uforkortet

23 timer 26 min

Bloomsbury presents…Rome: Eternal CityStandard pronunciationWritten and read by Ferdinand AddisThe sweeping story of the city of Rome, told through twenty-two moments that shaped its history.***A Times History Book of the Year***'Vivid, pacey... Superb' The Times.'Grand narrative underpinned by serious reading' Guardian.... ... Læs mere

172,20 kr.

Bloomsbury presents…Rome: Eternal CityStandard pronunciationWritten and read by Ferdinand AddisThe sweeping story of the city of Rome, told through twenty-two moments that shaped its history.***A Times History Book of the Year***'Vivid, pacey... Superb' The Times.'Grand narrative underpinned by serious reading' Guardian....
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Paulo Coelho: Kurzbiografie kompakt

5 Minuten: Schneller hören – mehr wissen!

af 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten Biografien, 5 Minuten Biografien, Jürgen Fritsche, Jürgen Fritsche ...

Fortalt af Jürgen Fritsche ...

Serier serie 5 Minuten Biografien
Uforkortet

4 min

Paulo Coelho, brasilianischer Literatur-Weltstar: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Paulo Coelho, brasilianischer Literatur-Weltstar: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Vivien Leigh: Kurzbiografie kompakt

5 Minuten: Schneller hören – mehr wissen!

af 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten Biografien, 5 Minuten Biografien, Jürgen Fritsche, Jürgen Fritsche ...

Fortalt af Jürgen Fritsche ...

Serier serie 5 Minuten Biografien
Uforkortet

4 min

Vivien Leigh, atemberaubende Schönheit und Hollywood-Legende: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Vivien Leigh, atemberaubende Schönheit und Hollywood-Legende: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Zenon: Kurzbiografie kompakt

5 Minuten: Schneller hören – mehr wissen!

af 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten Biografien, 5 Minuten Biografien, Jürgen Fritsche, Jürgen Fritsche ...

Fortalt af Jürgen Fritsche ...

Serier serie 5 Minuten Biografien
Uforkortet

6 min

Zenon, griechischer Philosoph und Stoiker: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Zenon, griechischer Philosoph und Stoiker: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Life of Pompey, The

af Plutarch, Bernadotte Perrin ...

Fortalt af Andrea Giordani ...

Uforkortet

3 timer 7 min

The Romans hated Pompey’s greedy father, Strabo, with a vengeance. Yet when Pompey rose in prominence, Plutarch notes that he developed the opposite character, and the Romans loved him for it. Pompey had many great accomplishments in his military and political life, but his legacy lies in forming the First Triumvirate with Crassus and Caesar. When the alliance eventually dissolved, and Pompey fled ... Læs mere

72,08 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

The Romans hated Pompey’s greedy father, Strabo, with a vengeance. Yet when Pompey rose in prominence, Plutarch notes that he developed the opposite character, and the Romans loved him for it. Pompey had many great accomplishments in his military and political life, but his legacy lies in forming the First Triumvirate with Crassus and Caesar. When the alliance eventually dissolved, and Pompey fled
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Ancient Rome

The Definitive History

af DK ...

Fortalt af Charles Armstrong ...

Uforkortet

11 timer 52 min

Immerse yourself in the history of ancient Rome - from its origins as a small settlement on the Palatine Hill to its peak as an empire reigning over 90 million people, and its tumultuous decline.Covering more than 1,000 years of history, and an empire that stretched from Scotland to Syria, Ancient Rome reveals in vivid detail all of the key political, cultural, and military events that shaped the ... Læs mere

120,54 kr.

Immerse yourself in the history of ancient Rome - from its origins as a small settlement on the Palatine Hill to its peak as an empire reigning over 90 million people, and its tumultuous decline.Covering more than 1,000 years of history, and an empire that stretched from Scotland to Syria, Ancient Rome reveals in vivid detail all of the key political, cultural, and military events that shaped the
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Gaius Marcus

The Controversial General Who Led the Roman Armies to Victory

af Kelly Mass ...

Fortalt af Kelly Fraser ...

Uforkortet

1 time 25 min

Gaius Marius was one of the most influential military commanders and statesmen of the late Roman Republic. Born into a well-off, provincial Italian family in Arpinum, Marius rose from relatively humble beginnings to become a key figure in Rome’s transformation from a republic to an empire. Known for his military prowess and political savvy, Marius served as consul an unprecedented seven times, a ... Læs mere

31,99 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Gaius Marius was one of the most influential military commanders and statesmen of the late Roman Republic. Born into a well-off, provincial Italian family in Arpinum, Marius rose from relatively humble beginnings to become a key figure in Rome’s transformation from a republic to an empire. Known for his military prowess and political savvy, Marius served as consul an unprecedented seven times, a
... Læs mere
Lydbog

History of Julius Caesar

af Jacob Abbott ...

Fortalt af XYZ Voices ...

Uforkortet

4 timer 42 min

Written in 1849, History of Julius Caesar by American author Jacob Abbott is an engaging, accessible biography designed for younger readers and adults. The book chronicles Caesar's life from his youth and early political struggles to his military campaigns in Gaul, his crossing of the Rubicon, and his ultimate assassination. The biography focuses heavily on narrative storytelling to illustrate ... Læs mere

39,00 kr.

FORUDBESTIL

Written in 1849, History of Julius Caesar by American author Jacob Abbott is an engaging, accessible biography designed for younger readers and adults. The book chronicles Caesar's life from his youth and early political struggles to his military campaigns in Gaul, his crossing of the Rubicon, and his ultimate assassination. The biography focuses heavily on narrative storytelling to illustrate
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Giulio Cesare

The Man Who Invented Power

af Grant Weston ...

Fortalt af Digital Voice Martin G ...

Serier Lydbog 3 - GIANTS- A Lifetime in Hours
Uforkortet

4 timer 11 min

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice."I would rather be first in this village than second in Rome."This is the conviction of the man who didn't just rule an empire—he invented the shape of power. From the dangerous alleys of the Subura to the sacred heights of the Capitol , Julius Caesar’s life was a masterclass in absolute ambition and strategic genius.In this volume of the GIANTS — A ... Læs mere

119,46 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice."I would rather be first in this village than second in Rome."This is the conviction of the man who didn't just rule an empire—he invented the shape of power. From the dangerous alleys of the Subura to the sacred heights of the Capitol , Julius Caesar’s life was a masterclass in absolute ambition and strategic genius.In this volume of the GIANTS — A
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Diane von Fürstenberg: A short biography

5 Minutes: Short on time – long on info!

af 5 Minutes, 5 Minutes, 5 Minute Biographies, 5 Minute Biographies, Lea Pfeiffer, Lea Pfeiffer ...

Fortalt af Lea Pfeiffer ...

Serier serie 5 Minute Biographies
Uforkortet

5 min

Diane von Fürstenberg, Belgian-American art and fashion icon: Life and work in a short biography! Everything you need to know, brief and concise. Infotainment, education and entertainment at its best! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Diane von Fürstenberg, Belgian-American art and fashion icon: Life and work in a short biography! Everything you need to know, brief and concise. Infotainment, education and entertainment at its best!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Joseph Beuys: A short biography

5 Minutes: Short on time – long on info!

af 5 Minutes, 5 Minutes, 5 Minute Biographies, 5 Minute Biographies, George Fritsche, George Fritsche ...

Fortalt af George Fritsche ...

Serier serie 5 Minute Biographies
Uforkortet

5 min

Joseph Beuys, German artist legend and political activist: Life and work in a short biography! Everything you need to know, brief and concise. Infotainment, education and entertainment at its best! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Joseph Beuys, German artist legend and political activist: Life and work in a short biography! Everything you need to know, brief and concise. Infotainment, education and entertainment at its best!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Gustav Schwab: Kurzbiografie kompakt

5 Minuten: Schneller hören – mehr wissen!

af 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten Biografien, 5 Minuten Biografien, Jürgen Fritsche, Jürgen Fritsche ...

Fortalt af Jürgen Fritsche ...

Serier serie 5 Minuten Biografien
Uforkortet

5 min

Gustav Schwab, der den Deutschen die Sagen der alten Griechen erzählte: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Gustav Schwab, der den Deutschen die Sagen der alten Griechen erzählte: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Diane von Fürstenberg: Kurzbiografie kompakt

5 Minuten: Schneller hören – mehr wissen!

af 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten Biografien, 5 Minuten Biografien, Lea Pfeiffer, Lea Pfeiffer ...

Fortalt af Lea Pfeiffer ...

Serier serie 5 Minuten Biografien
Uforkortet

5 min

Diane von Fürstenberg, belgisch-amerikanische Mode-Ikone: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Diane von Fürstenberg, belgisch-amerikanische Mode-Ikone: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Imperio Bizantino

af Santiago Machain ...

Fortalt af Santiago Machain ...

Uforkortet

7 timer 49 min

Imperio Bizantino rastrea la dramática transformación de la mitad oriental del Imperio Romano en una civilización bizantina distintiva, trazando su arco desde la fundación de Constantinopla en el 330 hasta el momento cumbre del imperio bajo la dinastía macedónica hacia el 1025. Comenzando con la \"Nueva Roma\" de Constantino, el libro explora cómo la geografía, el derecho y la fe se fusionaron ... Læs mere

139,00 kr.

Imperio Bizantino rastrea la dramática transformación de la mitad oriental del Imperio Romano en una civilización bizantina distintiva, trazando su arco desde la fundación de Constantinopla en el 330 hasta el momento cumbre del imperio bajo la dinastía macedónica hacia el 1025. Comenzando con la \"Nueva Roma\" de Constantino, el libro explora cómo la geografía, el derecho y la fe se fusionaron
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Mythology across the Ancient World

The History of Mythological Stories and Rituals in Antiquity

af Charles River Editors ...

Fortalt af Victoria Woodson ...

Uforkortet

17 timer 19 min

Although the Egyptians may not have passed their civilization directly on to later peoples, the key elements that comprised Egyptian civilization, including their religion, early ideas of state, and art and architecture, can be found among other civilizations. For instance, civilizations far separated in time and space, such as China and Mesoamerica, possessed key elements that were similar to ... Læs mere

104,15 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Although the Egyptians may not have passed their civilization directly on to later peoples, the key elements that comprised Egyptian civilization, including their religion, early ideas of state, and art and architecture, can be found among other civilizations. For instance, civilizations far separated in time and space, such as China and Mesoamerica, possessed key elements that were similar to
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Björn Borg: Kurzbiografie kompakt

5 Minuten: Schneller hören – mehr wissen!

af 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten Biografien, 5 Minuten Biografien, Jürgen Fritsche, Jürgen Fritsche ...

Fortalt af Jürgen Fritsche ...

Serier serie 5 Minuten Biografien
Uforkortet

5 min

Björn Borg, schwedische Tennis-Legende: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Björn Borg, schwedische Tennis-Legende: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

История Рима. Часть 1

af Теодор Моммзен, Теодор Моммзен ...

Fortalt af Константин Корольков ...

Uforkortet

5 timer 54 min

«История Рима» Теодора Моммзена уже давно стала достоянием науки. Этот энциклопедический труд, переведенный на все основные европейские языки, был впервые опубликован в России еще в 1858 году, в трех объемистых томах. А полвека спустя из печати вышел сокращенный вариант, подготовленный историком Н. Д. Чечулиным. В таком виде эта книга, нисколько не утратившая своих достоинств, стала доступна всем, ... Læs mere

25,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

«История Рима» Теодора Моммзена уже давно стала достоянием науки. Этот энциклопедический труд, переведенный на все основные европейские языки, был впервые опубликован в России еще в 1858 году, в трех объемистых томах. А полвека спустя из печати вышел сокращенный вариант, подготовленный историком Н. Д. Чечулиным. В таком виде эта книга, нисколько не утратившая своих достоинств, стала доступна всем,
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Arthur Miller: A short biography

5 Minutes: Short on time - long on info!

af 5 Minutes, 5 Minutes, 5 Minute Biographies, 5 Minute Biographies, George Fritsche, George Fritsche ...

Fortalt af George Fritsche ...

Serier serie 5 Minute Biographies
Uforkortet

6 min

Arthur Miller, American playwright of the 20th century: Life and work in a short biography! Everything you need to know, brief and concise. Infotainment, education and entertainment at its best! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Arthur Miller, American playwright of the 20th century: Life and work in a short biography! Everything you need to know, brief and concise. Infotainment, education and entertainment at its best!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Leif Eriksson: Kurzbiografie kompakt

5 Minuten: Schneller hören – mehr wissen!

af 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten, 5 Minuten Biografien, 5 Minuten Biografien, Jürgen Fritsche, Jürgen Fritsche ...

Fortalt af Jürgen Fritsche ...

Serier serie 5 Minuten Biografien
Uforkortet

4 min

Leif Eriksson, Wikinger und erster Europäer in Amerika: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten! ... Læs mere

4,00 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

Leif Eriksson, Wikinger und erster Europäer in Amerika: Leben und Werk in einer Kurzbiografie! Alles, was man wissen muss, kurz und knapp. Infotainment, Bildung und Unterhaltung vom Feinsten!
... Læs mere
Lydbog

The Leadership Genius of Julius Caesar

Modern Lessons from the Man Who Built an Empire

af Phillip Barlag ...

Fortalt af Joe Bronzi ...

Uforkortet

2 timer 47 min

Eternally fascinating, Julius Caesar was a leader ahead of his time whose grassroots, front lines leadership still has much to teach us 2000 years after his death.History is littered with examples of tyrants, hopelessly out of touch with the plight of the commoners, ruthlessly pursuing their own ambitions or hedonistic whims. But Caesar was a different kind of leader. Despite some bad press, in ... Læs mere

88,11 kr.

Eternally fascinating, Julius Caesar was a leader ahead of his time whose grassroots, front lines leadership still has much to teach us 2000 years after his death.History is littered with examples of tyrants, hopelessly out of touch with the plight of the commoners, ruthlessly pursuing their own ambitions or hedonistic whims. But Caesar was a different kind of leader. Despite some bad press, in
... Læs mere
Lydbog

Roman and Byzantine Armies, The: The History of the Militaries in the Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire

af Charles River Editors ...

Fortalt af Martin Taylor ...

Uforkortet

3 timer 2 min

The Roman army is one of the most famous fighting forces in history. Through its power and prowess, a once obscure Italian city forged an empire that encircled the Mediterranean and covered half of Europe. The physical remains of its presence can be traced from the mountainous borders of Scotland to the arid deserts of Egypt, but its legacy is far greater and more enduring, as Rome's influence ... Læs mere

79,78 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

The Roman army is one of the most famous fighting forces in history. Through its power and prowess, a once obscure Italian city forged an empire that encircled the Mediterranean and covered half of Europe. The physical remains of its presence can be traced from the mountainous borders of Scotland to the arid deserts of Egypt, but its legacy is far greater and more enduring, as Rome's influence
... Læs mere

Kobo Rakuten

e-læsere

Apps

Tilbehør

Indkøbskurv

Du får VIP-behandling!

Din indkøbskurv er tom

Ledig:

1 lydbog om måneden

+ GRATIS 30-dages prøve

Ledig:

1 lydbog om måneden

+ GRATIS 30-dages prøve

Anbefalet til dig

Rom Lydbøger

The Storm Before the Storm

234 Ancient Rome Facts

Julius Caesar: The Steel Republic

Rome

Paulo Coelho: Kurzbiografie kompakt

Vivien Leigh: Kurzbiografie kompakt

Zenon: Kurzbiografie kompakt

Life of Pompey, The

Ancient Rome

Gaius Marcus

History of Julius Caesar

Giulio Cesare

Diane von Fürstenberg: A short biography

Joseph Beuys: A short biography

Gustav Schwab: Kurzbiografie kompakt

Diane von Fürstenberg: Kurzbiografie kompakt

Imperio Bizantino

Mythology across the Ancient World

Björn Borg: Kurzbiografie kompakt

История Рима. Часть 1

Arthur Miller: A short biography

Leif Eriksson: Kurzbiografie kompakt

The Leadership Genius of Julius Caesar

Roman and Byzantine Armies, The: The History of the Militaries in the Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire