B.R. Ambedkar's Annihilation of Caste is one of the most important, yet neglected, works of political writing from India. Written in 1936, it is an audacious denunciation of Hinduism and its caste system. Ambedkar - a figure like W.E.B. Du Bois - offers a scholarly critique of Hindu scriptures, scriptures that sanction a rigidly hierarchical and iniquitous social system. The world's best-known Hindu, Mahatma Gandhi, responded publicly to the provocation. The hatchet was ne...

The general proposition that the social organization of the Indo-Aryans was based on the theory of Chaturvarnya and that Chaturvarnya means division of society into four classes-Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (soldiers),Vaishyas (traders) and Shudras (menials) does not convey any idea of the real nature of the problem of the Shudras nor of its magnitude. Chaturvarnya would have been a very innocent principle if it meant no more than mere division of society into f...

The Buddha and His Dhamma by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, first published in 1957, is a groundbreaking reinterpretation of Buddhism that blends spiritual philosophy with social and political reform. Written in simple, accessible prose, the book presents the life and teachings of Gautama Buddha through a rational, humanistic lens, emphasizing ethical living, compassion, and equality over ritual and metaphysics. Unlike traditional Buddhist texts, Ambedkar’s work reimagines the Buddha as a social refor...

“The book is a work of art even more than of history.” —India Today, Dilip Menon “The evil of caste system.” —The Tribune First published in 1948, 'The Untouchables: Who Were They and Why They Became Untouchables' by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is a powerful work of historical analysis and social critique that examines the origins and persistence of untouchability in Indian society. Dr. Ambedkar—jurist, social reformer, and chief architect of the Indian Constitution—wrote this book as part of his li...

Pakistan or The Partition of India by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, first published in 1940, is a significant work of political analysis and historical commentary that explores the complex causes and consequences of India’s partition. Dr. Ambedkar, a renowned jurist, social reformer, and principal architect of the Indian Constitution, was known for his sharp intellect, fearless honesty, and logical clarity. His writing in this book is bold, analytical, and rooted in deep historical understanding. In ...

Ambedkar questions whether federalism, with its division of powers between the central and state governments, can ensure the freedom of individuals and marginalized communities. He argues that in a country as socially fragmented as India—characterized by caste hierarchies, economic disparities, and communal divisions—federalism might entrench local power structures that often perpetuate oppression.For Ambedkar, the primary goal of governance is to safeguard individual liberty and ensure so...

The book opens with an account of Buddha’s life, tracing his journey from Siddhartha, a prince shielded from suffering, to a seeker of truth who renounced worldly life to attain enlightenment. Ambedkar portrays the Buddha as a rational thinker who questioned the prevailing religious orthodoxy, rejected rituals and sacrifices, and sought to alleviate human suffering through practical, ethical teachings.Central to the text is Ambedkar's interpretation of Buddha’s Dhamma (doctrine), which he ...

Ambedkar begins by highlighting the contradictory nature of Hindu scriptures, such as the Vedas, Upanishads, and Smritis, which are often considered sacred. He points out how these texts simultaneously promote ideas of universal truth and justice while endorsing practices like caste discrimination and untouchability. Ambedkar critiques the lack of coherence in Hindu philosophy, noting how different texts and traditions contradict one another, making Hinduism a fragmented and inconsistent s...

In the essay, Ambedkar addresses the issue of organizing Indian states based on linguistic lines. He critiques the prevailing views of the time, particularly the idea that states should be formed based on linguistic and cultural similarities. While he acknowledges the importance of language in fostering a sense of identity and cohesion among people, he also warns against the dangers of linguistic chauvinism, which could foster regionalism and weaken national unity.Ambedkar emphasizes that ...

Ambedkar begins by questioning the moral and ethical foundation of Hinduism, particularly in its endorsement of the caste system. He scrutinizes the concept of Dharma as a framework for social order, arguing that it enshrines inequality by dividing society into rigid hierarchies. Ambedkar contrasts Hinduism's principles with those of other religions, such as Buddhism and Christianity, which he believes promote liberty, equality, and fraternity.He delves into the Manusmriti and other Hindu ...

Ambedkar begins by analyzing Gandhi's perspective on untouchability, noting the contrast between Gandhi's advocacy for Harijan upliftment and his adherence to the broader Hindu social framework, including the varna system. Ambedkar critiques Gandhi for addressing untouchability primarily as a moral issue while avoiding structural reform of the caste system, which Ambedkar identifies as the root cause of Dalit oppression.The book highlights the Poona Pact of 1932, a key moment in the Dalit ...

Ambedkar begins by examining Buddha’s teachings, particularly his focus on social equality, liberation from suffering, and the rejection of caste divisions. He emphasizes that Buddha’s teachings were rooted in compassion, equality, and the belief in individual emancipation through the Eightfold Path. According to Ambedkar, Buddha’s philosophy aimed at the spiritual and social liberation of all people, regardless of their caste, and fundamentally rejected the hierarchical structures of the ...