"We no longer need to separate Paul from Judaism in order to claim his Christianness," writes Gabriele Boccaccini, "nor do we need to separate him from the early Jesus movement in order to state his Jewishness." With this guiding principle Boccaccini unpacks the implications of Paul's belonging simultaneously to Judaism and Christianity to arrive at the surprising and provocative conclusion that there are in fact three paths to salvation:For Jews, adherence to Torah....

數個世紀以來，分裂猶太研究與新約研究、正典研究與非正典研究，以及猶太人與基督徒的高牆，終於開始瓦解；保祿回歸了他從未離開和遺棄的家，我們也不再需要為了主張保祿的基督徒特質，而將他與猶太教分離；也不需要為了肯定他的猶太性，而將他與基督宗教分離。保祿是第二聖殿猶太人，也是早期耶穌運動的一位領袖。保祿從來就不是因新信仰的最偉大神學家，而成為猶太教的背教者，保祿也不是向不信教者宣講毀滅的先知；他是想要每個人都得救的仁慈天主的先驅。保祿的「因信成義」不是毫無區別地給所有人（猶太人和外邦人），也不是專給外邦人，而是特別給了罪人——許多的猶太人和外邦人。他所講的「因信成義」，並不是在最後審判時的因信得救，而是指在最後審判迫近時，因信仰帶來的寬恕；最後審判時，每個人仍要為其行為負起責任。保祿關注的「惡的起源」、「罪的寬恕」、「救恩」、「對外邦人的包容」，是他那個時代的議題；就連他「原創的」解答，也與第二聖殿猶太教的多樣性相容，並不比其他同時代的猶太作者所提供的其他解答，更大膽或更富爭議性。這位宗徒宣講：天主在最後審判迫近時對義人（猶太...

Receptions of Paul during the First Two Centuries: Exploration of the Jewish Matrix of Early Christianity examines the historical context of Paul and the way Paul's Jewish heritage was received. Contributors take into consideration the aftermath of the Jewish War and its impact on the development of the Jesus movement and early Christian-Jewish relations in the following period. The chapters come to the conclusion that after the Jewish War, the reception of the authentic Paul was transform...

The Jewish culture of the Hellenistic and early Roman periods established a basis for all monotheistic religions, but its main sources have been preserved to a great degree through Christian transmission. This Guide is devoted to problems of preservation, reception, and transformation of Jewish texts and traditions of the Second Temple period in the many Christian milieus from the ancient world to the late medieval era. It approaches this corpus not as an artificial collection of ...

The decades-long effort to understand the apostle Paul within his Jewish context is now firmly established in scholarship on early Judaism, as well as on Paul. The latest fruit of sustained analysis appears in the essays gathered here, from leading international scholars who take account of the latest investigations into the scope and variety present in Second Temple Judaism. Contributors address broad historical and theological questions—Paul’s thought and practice in relationship with ea...

Paul's relationship to Christianity-as a Pharisaic Jew whose moment of revelation on the road to Damascus has made him the most famous early Christian-is still a topic of great interest to scholars of early Christianity and Judaism. This collection of essays from world-renowned scholars examines how Christians of the first two centuries perceived Paul's Jewishness, and how they seized upon Paul's views on Judaism in order to advance their own claims about Christianity.The contribut...