Although photovoltaics are regarded by many as the most likely candidate for long term sustainable energy production, their implementation has been restricted by the high costs involved. Nevertheless, the theoretical limit on photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency-above 85%-suggests that there is room for substantial improvement of current comme

This book presents the fundamental principles and challenges encountered in the control of biomedical systems, providing practical solutions and suggesting alternatives. The perspective of the text is based on the system behaviour in the time domain both linear and non-linear, continuous and discrete, helping the reader to be able to interpret the physical significance of mathematical results during control system analysis and design focusing on biomedical engineering applications....

Smart Sensors and MEMS: Intelligent Devices and Microsystems for Industrial Applications, Second Edition highlights new, important developments in the field, including the latest on magnetic sensors, temperature sensors and microreaction chambers. The book outlines the industrial applications for smart sensors, covering direct interface circuits for sensors, capacitive sensors for displacement measurement in the sub-nanometer range, integrated inductive displacement sensors for harsh indus...

- Provides an overview of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), from fundamentals to applications - Evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of particular applications, methods and techniques - Contains new chapters on sensing, femtosecond laser writing of FBGs and poling of glass and optical fibers - Includes a special version of the photonic simulator PicWave(tm), allowing the reader to make live simulations of many of the example devices presented in the book. This fully revised, updated and e...

The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource availablePrepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to th...

The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource availablePrepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to th...

Metamaterials are commonly known to make things invisible. As artificially structured metal-dielectric composites mimicking natural materials they exhibit properties that are not available in nature including: negative refractive index, reversal of Doppler Effect and the reversed Čerenkov Effect. Metasurface is a planar version of metamaterial exhibiting a number of novel functionalities.This book reviews the physics, technology, and design issues related to metamaterials and metas...

With the growing proliferation of nanotechnologies, powerful imaging technologies are being developed to operate at the sub-nanometer scale. The newest edition of a bestseller, the Handbook of Charged Particle Optics, Second Edition provides essential background information for the design and operation of high resolution focused probe instruments.The book’s unique approach covers both the theoretical and practical knowledge of high resolution probe forming instrume...

This third open access volume of the handbook series deals with accelerator physics, design, technology and operations, as well as with beam optics, dynamics and diagnostics.A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of thefield approximate...

As part of the growing sustainable and renewable energy movement, the design, manufacture and use of photovoltaic devices is increasing in pace and frequency. The Handbook of Photovoltaics will be a 'benchmark' publication for those involved in the design, manufacture and use of these devices. The Handbook covers the principles of solar cell function, the raw materials, photovoltaic systems, standards, calibration, testing, economics and case studies. The editors have assembled a cast of i...

To surmount the continuous scaling challenges of MOSFET devices, FinFETs have emerged as the real alternative for use as the next generation device for IC fabrication technology. The objective of this book is to provide the basic theory and operating principles of FinFET devices and technology, an overview of FinFET device architecture and manufacturing processes, and detailed formulation of FinFET electrostatic and dynamic device characteristics for IC design and manufacturing. Thus, this...

Electronic devices and circuits are employed by a range of industries in testing conditions from extremes of high- or low-temperature, in chemically corrosive environments, subject to shock and vibration or exposure to radiation. This book describes the diverse measures necessary to make electronics capable of coping with such situations as well as to gainfully exploit any new phenomena that take place only under these conditions.