Unrivalled in its coverage and unique in its hands-on approach, this guide to the design and construction of scientific apparatus is essential reading for every scientist and student of engineering, and physical, chemical, and biological sciences. Covering the physical principles governing the operation of the mechanical, optical and electronic parts of an instrument, new sections on detectors, low-temperature measurements, high-pressure apparatus, and updated engineering specifications, a...

Exam Board: AQALevel: GCSESubject: ChemistryFirst Teaching: September 2016First Exam: June 2018AQA approved.Expand and challenge your students' knowledge and understanding of Chemistry with this textbook that guides students through each topic, the 8 required practical activities and assessment requirements of the new 2016 AQA GCSE Chemis...

One cubic mile of oil (CMO) corresponds very closely to the world's current total annual consumption of crude oil. The world's total annual energy consumption - from all energy sources- is currently 3.0 CMO. By the middle of this century the world will need between 6 and 9 CMO of energy per year to provide for its citizens. Adequate energy is needed remove the scourge of poverty and provide food, clothing, and shelter for the people around the world, and more will be needed for measures to...

Voltammetric methods are among the most sensitive and versatile available to the analytical chemist. They can identify and quantify substances from simple metal ions, through to complex organic molecules. The concentration range spans 9 orders of magnitude and, in many cases, trace level analyses of surface waters and body fluids can be performed with little or no pre-treatment of the sample is required. In this text the basic concepts and principles are presented in an easy-to-read manner. P...

The year 2012 marked the centenary of one of the most significant discoveries of the early twentieth century, the discovery of X-ray diffraction (March 1912, by Laue, Friedrich and Knipping) and of Bragg's law (November 1912). The discovery of X-ray diffraction confirmed the wave nature of X-rays and the space-lattice hypothesis. It had two major consequences: the analysis of the structure of atoms, and the determination of the atomic structure of materials. This had a momentous impact in ...

Green Organic Chemistry and Its Interdisciplinary Applications covers key developments in green chemistry and demonstrates to students that the developments were most often the result of innovative thinking. Using a set of selected experiments, all of which have been performed in the laboratory with undergraduate students, it demonstrates how to optimize and develop green experiments.The book dedicates each chapter to individual applications, such asE...

Computational methods have become an indispensible tool for elucidating the mechanism of organometallic reactions. This snapshot of state-of-the-art computational studies provides an overview of the vast field of computational organometallic chemistry. Authors from Asia, Europe and the US have been selected to contribute a chapter on their specialist areas. Topics addressed include: DFT studies on zirconium-mediated reactions, force field methods in organometallic chemistry, hydrogenation ...

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths is a continuing series of books covering all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science, and physics. The handbook emphasizes rare earth elements [Sc, Y and the lanthanides (La through Lu)] but, when relevant, information also is included about the closely related actinide elements. The individual chapters are comprehensive, broad, up-to-date critical reviews written by highly experienced invited...

Fuzzy Logic has gained increasing acceptance as a way to deal with complexity and uncertainty in many areas of science and engineering. This book is the first to address its practical applications to chemical systems. Ten distinguished authors discuss the role of fuzzy logic in the characterization of a variety of chemical concepts, including chirality, quantum systems, molecular engineering and design, and hierarchical classification methods. Fuzzy Logic in Chemistry will appeal to both s...

The process of globalization of markets has led to a situation inwhich the distances between the various countries have beensignificantly reduced. This guide is designed to understand thelegislative situation for materials in contact with food in South andCentral America.The guide also includes links to the main MERCOSUR, Central andSouth America legislation for direct consultation.

This book covers the security and safety of CBRNE assets and management, and illustrates which risks may emerge and how to counter them through an enhanced risk management approach. It also tackles the CBRNE-Cyber threats, their risk mitigation measures and the relevance of raising awareness and education enforcing a CBRNE-Cy security culture. The authors present international instruments and legislation to deal with these threats, for instance the UNSCR1540.The authors address a m...

Understanding pollution, its behaviour and impact is becoming increasingly important, as new technologies and legislation continually lower the tolerable levels of pollutants released into the environment. Introduction to Pollution Science draws upon sections of the authors' previous text (Understanding our Environment) and reflects the growing trend of a more sophisticated approach to teaching environmental science at university. This new revised book discusses the basics of environmental...