This publication assesses India’s fiscal federalism framework and presents recommendations to strengthen the country’s fiscal framework that include a combination of unconditional, specific purpose and performance-based transfers. A mechanism for allocating performance-based grants to Indian states is proposed based on improvements in governance index. The publication also contributes to a deeper understanding of decentralization reforms across Asian countries. It synthesizes learnings fro...

This book presents state-of-the-art methodologies and a comprehensive introduction to the recognition and representation of species and individual animals based on their physiological and phenotypic appearances, biometric characteristics, and morphological image patterns. It provides in-depth coverage of this emerging area, with an emphasis on the design and analysis techniques used in visual animal biometrics-based recognition systems.The book offers a comprehensive introduction t...

Advances in medical technology have brought the use of photosensitizing materials and light for treating diverse ailments to a new level, with reduced adverse effects and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This new book focuses on diffusion optical imaging, a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for real-time visualization of the treatment area, and explores its application for treating patients through various modes. The volume discusses photodynamic treatement for pharmacological inter...

This is an open access book. As on date, huge volumes of data are being generated through sensors, satellites, and simulators. Modern research on data analytics and its applications reveal that several algorithms are being designed and developed to process these datasets, either through the use of sequential and parallel processes. In the current scenario of Industry 4.0, data analytics, artificial intelligence and machine learning are being used to support decisions in space and time. Fur...

This book brings together analysis and insights from high-level Chinese policy-makers and prominent international scholars in addressing the key challenges China is facing in maintaining rapid growth and achieving the Government's stated goal of creating a harmonious society. It analyzes such key policy issues as: public finance and the changing role of the state; fiscal reform and revenue and expenditure assignments; inter-governmental relations and fiscal transfers; and financing and d...

This book consists of a collection of the high-quality research articles in the field of computer vision and robotics which are presented in the International Conference on Computer Vision and Robotics (CVR 2021), organized by BBD University Lucknow, India, during 7–8 August 2021. The book discusses applications of computer vision and robotics in the fields like medical science, defence, and smart city planning. The book presents recent works from researchers, academicians, industry, and p...

Over the last decade, the theory that poverty in the world's poorest regions could be alleviated by providing small loans to micro-entrepreneurs has become increasingly popular. This volume examines the effectiveness of this theory when put into practice. The book presents empirical evidence drawn from comparative experiences in seven developing countries and produces some startling conclusions. This work should be essential reading for all those interested in development, poverty-reductio...

The book contains select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Data, Engineering, and Applications (IDEA 2021). It includes papers from experts in industry and academia that address state-of-the-art research in the areas of big data, data mining, machine learning, data science, and their associated learning systems and applications. This book will be a valuable reference guide for all graduate students, researchers, and scientists interested in exploring the potential of big d...

This book assesses the impacts of COVID-19 on the Indonesian economy, particularly on employment, education, poverty, trade, and macroeconomy.The chapters explain how fiscal and monetary stimulus work and the roles of local governments in managing stimulus. It also presents paths to recovery and lessons learned from countries that have found success in mitigating the economic impacts of the pandemic (China, Germany, Singapore, and Vietnam).This text will be a useful referen...

This edited volume on machine learning and big data analytics (Proceedings of ICMLBDA 2022) is intended to be used as a reference book for researchers and professionals to share their research and reports of new technologies and applications in Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics like biometric Recognition Systems, medical diagnosis, industries, telecommunications, AI Petri Nets Model-Based Diagnosis, gaming, stock trading, Intelligent Aerospace Systems, robot control, law, remote sens...

The first two decades of the twenty-first century have witnessed an influx of innovations and reforms in public financial management. The current wave of reforms is markedly different from those in the past, owing to the sheer number of innovations, their widespread adoption, and the sense that they add up to a fundamental change in the way governments manage public money. This book takes stock of the most important innovations that have emerged over the past two decades, including fiscal res...

This book presents the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications (FICTA 2021), held at NIT Mizoram, Aizwal, Mizoram, India, during June 25 – 26, 2021. FICTA conference aims to bring together researchers, scientists, engineers, and practitioners to exchange their new ideas and experiences in the domain of intelligent computing theories with prospective applications to various engineering disciplines.This volume cov...