Both deductive and inductive methods in scientific research have undergone significant changes since the beginning of the 20th century as sciences advance rapidly. Deductive method reached its pinnacle when Russel's paradox became popular in the field of mathematical logics. The famous barber's paradox illustrates the inevitable logical dilemma: the only barber in an isolated village does the following: (1) he cuts hair for those who do not cut their own and (2) does not cut hair for those...

Ecostacking is a new concept and approach which aims to maximize the benefits of ecosystem service providers in cropping systems to help achieve the goal of long-term sustainable agriculture and food production. The term "ecostacking" means combining synergistically the beneficial services of functional biodiversity from all levels and types. It is a comprehensive approach, where the various ecosystem service providers are fully integrated with the rest of the cropping system including agr...

In traditional Internet of Things (IoT) systems, sensor nodes are usually powered by batteries, and their limited battery power leads to limited system lifetimes and prevents the large-scale promotion of IoT; this is commonly referred to as the energy bottleneck. The subsequent emergence of Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) technology enables IoT nodes to replenish their energy through wireless charging, giving rise to the novel network paradigm of Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WR...

A guide to the challenges in making virtual reality, realityThe Metaverse, a version of the internet in which online interactions take place in real time within fully realized virtual spaces, has been promised as the next frontier in wireless communication. It has drawn huge investment from Silicon Valley and widespread media attention. However, the technologies required to make the Metaverse a reality are still in their infancy, and significant barriers must be ov...

This book first presents a tutorial on Federated Learning (FL) and its role in enabling Edge Intelligence over wireless edge networks. This provides readers with a concise introduction to the challenges and state-of-the-art approaches towards implementing FL over the wireless edge network. Then, in consideration of resource heterogeneity at the network edge, the authors provide multifaceted solutions at the intersection of network economics, game theory, and machine learning towards improv...

This book presents the state-of-the-art-knowledge on corrosion of steel, cast iron and ductile iron with a focus on corrosion-induced degradation of their mechanical properties. The information presented in the book is largely derived from the most current research on the effect of corrosion on degradation of mechanical properties. The book covers the basics of steel corrosion, including that of cast iron and ductile iron, that are not well covered in most literature. Models for corrosion-...

Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease worldwide, involving at least 1 million patients annually. Kidney is the preferential colonization site where Leptospira accumulates during systemic infection, primarily in the interstitium and in renal tubule epithelial cells. In acute kidney injury (AKI), the main histological findings are acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis, characterized by hypokalemia and non-oliguria. The injury caused by leptospira outer me...