In this book, a global team of experts from academia, research institutes and industry presents their vision on how new nano-chip architectures will enable the performance and energy efficiency needed for AI-driven advancements in autonomous mobility, healthcare, and man-machine cooperation. Recent reviews of the status quo, as presented in CHIPS 2020 (Springer), have prompted the need for an urgent reassessment of opportunities in nanoelectronic information technology. As such, this book ...

The chips in present-day cell phones already contain billions of sub-100-nanometer transistors. By 2020, however, we will see systems-on-chips with trillions of 10-nanometer transistors. But this will be the end of the miniaturization, because yet smaller transistors, containing just a few control atoms, are subject to statistical fluctuations and thus no longer useful. We also need to worry about a potential energy crisis, because in less than five years from now, with current chip techno...

Quantum dots as nanomaterials have been extensively investigated in the past several decades from growth to characterization to applications. As the basis of future developments in the field, this book collects a series of state-of-the-art chapters on the current status of quantum dot devices and how these devices take advantage of quantum features. Written by 56 leading experts from 14 countries, the chapters cover numerous quantum dot applications, including lasers, LEDs, detectors, ampl...

This book focuses on new research fields of diamond, from its growth to applications. It covers growth of atomically flat diamond films, properties and applications of diamond nanoparticles, diamond nanoparticles based electrodes and their applications for energy storage and conversion (supercapacitors, CO2 conversion etc.). Diamond for biomimetic interface, all electrochemical devices for in vivo detections and photo-electrochemical degradation of environmental hazards are highlighted.

This book will address the application of gas phase thin film methods, including techniques such as evaporation, sputtering, CVD, and ALD to the synthesis of materials on nanostructured and high aspect-ratio high surface area materials. We have chosen to introduce these topics and the different application fields from a chronological perspective: we start with the early concepts of step coverage and later conformality in semiconductor manufacturing, and how later on the range of applicatio...

Colloidal nanocrystals show much promise as an optoelectronics architecture due to facile control over electronic properties afforded by chemical control of size, shape, and heterostructure. Unfortunately, realizing practical devices has been forestalled by the ubiquitous presence of charge "trap" states which compete with band-edge excitons and result in limited device efficiencies. Little is known about the defining characteristics of these traps, making engineered strategies for their r...

This book emphasizes the importance of the fascinating atomistic insights into the defects and the impurities as well as the dynamic behaviors in silicon materials, which have become more directly accessible over the past 20 years. Such progress has been made possible by newly developed experimental methods, first principle theories, and computer simulation techniques.The book is aimed at young researchers, scientists, and technicians in related industries. The main purposes are to...

This book focuses on the study of synthesized ZnO powder using Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O precursor, methanol (as solvent), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to vary the pH. The successfully synthesized ZnO powder from the sol-gel centrifugation and sol-gel storage methods were characterized and investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence test to com...

This book provides an overview of the techniques and tools of nanostructure fabrication from state-of-the-art lithography to emerging self-assembly approaches. Top-down and bottom-up methodologies along with hybrid approaches are used to illustrate the fabrication of structures including integrated circuits, semiconductor quantum dots, metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, molecular structures, nanocomposites, arrays and superstructures. Nanofabrication applications in nanoelectronics,...

This book provides a state of the art report of the knowledge accumulated in graphene research. The fascination with graphene has been growing very rapidly in recent years and the physics of graphene is now becoming one of the most interesting as well as the most fast-moving topics in condensed-matter physics. The Nobel prize in physics awarded in 2010 has given a tremendous impetus to this topic. The horizon of the physics of graphene is ever becoming wider, where physical concepts go han...

Semiconductor nanostructures such as nanowires are promising building blocks of future nanoelectronic, nanophotonic and nanosensing devices. Their physical properties are primarily determined by the epitaxy process which is rather different from the conventional thin film growth. This book shows how the advanced nucleation theory can be used in modeling of growth properties, morphology and crystal phase of such nanostructures. The book represents a systematic account of modern nucleation t...

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to a recently-developed approach to the growth mechanism of thin films and nanostructures via chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Starting from the underlying principles of the low pressure synthesis of diamond films, it is shown that diamond growth occurs not by individual atoms but by charged nanoparticles. This newly-discovered growth mechanism turns out to be general to many CVD and some physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes. This non-c...