'Man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains.'These are the famous opening words of a treatise that has stirred vigorous debate ever since its first publication in 1762. Rejecting the view that anyone has a natural right to wield authority over others, Rousseau argues instead for a pact, or 'social contract', that should exist between all the citizens of a state and that should be the source of sovereign power. From this fundamental premise, he goes on to consider issues of l...

The Dissertation contains primary source references for the existence of fossils in meteorites dating from the 1800s. There are updates from various satellite observation platforms. A hypothesis is stated with evidence. A meteorite is examined. There are experiments, and software code examples written in C++.

Neural Networking has been with us for a long time, in "Artificial Intelligence" (Newell, Shaw, Simon, 1956). The Linked List is used in everything from Word Processing to database design, however: the problems now facing the users are memory leaks and compromises to security. Novel implementation of the Binary Search Tree and the latest compiler can solve these issues of security in a science that started as models of the human mind.

DNA of the Gods is an Anthropologist examination of human intelligence. The B4'5 Haplo group indicates a traversal of the world's oceans in deep antiquity 50,000 years ago. The Neanderthals have tested positive for the human speech locus at 300, 000 years ago. Find the discovery of the speech gene locus, and the deep roots never mixing with the apes in the human genome. Archaeology indicates a deep antiquity to human intelligence. What are the OoPArts (Out of place artifacts.)? There are a...

States claim the right to choose who can come to their country. They put up barriers and expose migrants to deadly journeys. Those who survive are labelled ‘illegal’ and find themselves vulnerable and unrepresented. The international state system advantages the lucky few born in rich countries and locks others into poor and often repressive ones.In this book, Christopher Bertram skilfully weaves a lucid exposition of the debates in political philosophy with original insights to arg...

Rousseau's Social Contract is a benchmark in political philosophy and has influenced moral and political thought since its publication. Rousseau and the Social Contract introduces and assesses:*Rousseau's life and the background of the Social Contract*The ideas and arguments of the Social Contract*Rousseau's continuing importance to politics and philosophyRousseau and the Social Contract will be essential reading for all students...

Brought to you by Penguin.'Man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains.'These are the famous opening words of a treatise that has stirred vigorous debate ever since its first publication in 1762. Rejecting the view that anyone has a natural right to wield authority over others, Rousseau argues instead for a pact, or 'social contract', that should exist between all the citizens of a state and that should be the source of sovereign power. From this fund...

Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on Morals and Happiness by William Godwin (1756-1836) was first published in February 1793, the month following the execution of Louis XVI of France.It proved to be immediately popular and influential. Godwin, the son of a Calvinist preacher, was educated at Hoxton Academy, after which, he became a minister to a dissenter congregation in Ware. However, partially as a result of reading Rousseau, Helvetius and d’ Holbach, his thi...

This edition brings to you Le Bon's two most celebrated works, "The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind" and "The Psychology of Revolution", which made a breakthrough in what is now known as crowd psychology. Le Bon theorised about a new entity, "psychological crowd", which emerges from incorporating the assembled population not only forms a new body but also creates a collective "unconsciousness". As a group of people gather together and coalesces to form a crowd, there is a "magnetic infl...

This book continues and revises the ideas of justice as fairness that John Rawls presented in A Theory of Justice but changes its philosophical interpretation in a fundamental way. That previous work assumed what Rawls calls a "well-ordered society," one that is stable and relatively homogenous in its basic moral beliefs and in which there is broad agreement about what constitutes the good life. Yet in modern democratic society a plurality of incompatible and irreconcilable doctri...

In The Ethics of Immigration, Joseph Carens synthesizes a lifetime of work to explore and illuminate one of the most pressing issues of our time. Immigration poses practical problems for western democracies and also challenges the ways in which people in democracies think about citizenship and belonging, about rights and responsibilities, and about freedom and equality. Carens begins by focusing on current immigration controversies in North America and Europe about access to citiz...

In this volume, Albert Hirschman reconstructs the intellectual climate of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to illuminate the intricate ideological transformation that occurred, wherein the pursuit of material interests--so long condemned as the deadly sin of avarice--was assigned the role of containing the unruly and destructive passions of man. Hirschman here offers a new interpretation for the rise of capitalism, one that emphasizes the continuities between old and new, in contra...