In the sixteenth century England turned from being an insignifcant part of an offshore island into a nation respected and feared in Europe. This was not achieved through empire building, conquest, large armies, treaties, marriage alliances, trade or any of the other traditional means of exercising power. Indeed England was successful in few of these. Instead she based her power and eventual supremacy on the creation of a standing professional navy which firstly would control her coasts and...

For all the romantic mythology surrounding the court of Queen Elizabeth I, the financial underpinning of the reign of 'Gloriana' was decidedly sordid. Elizabeth's policy of seizing foreign assets made her popular at home but drew her into a public/private partnership with pirates who preyed on the state's foes and friends alike, being rewarded or punished depending on how much of a cut the Queen received, rather than the legitimacy of their action. For this reason the rule of law at sea wa...

This new paperback edition brings the history of Henry VIII's famous warship right up to date with new chapters on the stunning presentation of the hull and the 19,000 salvaged artefacts in the new museum in Portsmouth.Mary Rose has, along with HMS Victory, become an instantly recognisable symbol of Britain's maritime past, while the extraordinary richness of the massive collection of artefacts gleaned from the wreck has meant that the ship has acquired the status of some sort of 'time cap...

A fascinating examination of why England failed for so long to colonize North America, in contrast to Spain's rapid conquest farther south.Within a generation of Columbus's first landfall in the Caribbean, Spain ruled an empire in central and south America many times the size of the home country. In stark contrast, after a century of struggle, and numerous disasters, English colonizing efforts farther north had succeeded in settling the banks of one waterway and the...

The history of the British site of national remembrance, honoring service people in the armed forces as well as the civilian community.Sited at Alrewas in Staffordshire, the National Memorial Arboretum is a year-round focus for remembering and paying tribute to all who have served their country in both peace and war, in the armed forces, the merchant navy and the emergency services. Written by the Arboretum's founder, this book tells the story of the Arboretum....

Within a generation of Columbus's first landfall in the Caribbean, Spain ruled an empire in Central and South America many times its size, while, in stark contrast, the English had only succeeded in settling the banks of one waterway and several bays. Invading America examines English development by reviewing the voyages, the conflict with the native peoples, the lack of leadership and the unrealistic ambitions. Using documentary evidence and vivid first-hand accounts, it offers a new pers...

The book charts the dramatic months leading to one of the most profound changes of the 20th century, the opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the restoration of German unity in 1990. The author analyses the nature of Communist rule in the GDR over 40 years, its few strengths and its many weaknesses, and the myths which grew up around it. This book places the GDR in its international setting as the proud ally of the Soviet Union in the Warsaw Pact. It examines the reactions abroad to the ...

This book, first published in 1980, provides both a broad review and detailed analysis of the major issues that had been affecting the changing relations between Moscow and the other European Communist parties. In discussing the Spanish, Italian, French and Scandinavian communist parties the individual contributors expose the weaknesses as well as the strengths of the parties, and analyse the ideological and sociological roots. This title will be of interest to students of politics.

Picking up many of themes of David Childs’ earlier book, The GDR: Moscow’s German Ally, this book discusses the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1971 until the mid 1980s. Written at a time when the GDR was one of the most modern and successful socialist states, with a growing importance within the socialist bloc and the global stage, this books examined a number of important topics such as GDR relations with the USSR and the USA, the GDR Navy, the church in the GDR and the ec...

In this thoroughly revised 2nd edition, David Childs gives a detailed account of political, social and economic developments since 1919, including the impact of the Second World War, Britain's often neglected last days as an Empire- India, Palestine, Kenya, Cyprus and elsewhere are covered, necessary background for an understanding of Britain today.The decline of the Conservatives and the Blair experience are also covered at length, and a sketch of Ireland from the Free State to tod...

This book, originally published in 1981, provides the student and general reader alike with a fascinating account of the dynamic re-emergence of Germany after the Second World War as one of the world’s leading and most powerful states. The book gives extensive coverage to all aspects of the former West Germany’s political, social and economic arrangements. As well as dealing with the Basic Law, political parties, Bundestag and government, it also discusses neglected subjects, such as educa...

The book traces the development of Germany from the Kaiser’s Reich in the 1870s to the reunited democratic state led by Helmut Kohl in the 1990s. The author begins by countering the popular view of Germany before 1914 as irredeemably reactionary, and after assessing Germany’s part in the First World War, he outlines the rise and fall of the Weimar Republic. The 12 years of Hitler’s destructive experiment are presented in a balanced way as part of the overall development of the country. Ger...