The third edition of this widely acclaimed textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of global tectonics, and includes major revisions to reflect the most significant recent advances in the field.A fully revised third edition of this highly acclaimed text written by eminent authors including one of the pioneers of plate tectonic theoryMajor revisions to this new edition reflect the most significant recent advances in the field, inclu...

Given the fact that there are perhaps 400 billion stars in our Galaxy alone, and perhaps 400 billion galaxies in the Universe, it stands to reason that somewhere out there, in the 14-billion-year-old cosmos, there is or once was a civilization at least as advanced as our own. The sheer enormity of the numbers almost demands that we accept the truth of this hypothesis. Why, then, have we encountered no evidence, no messages, no artifacts of these extraterrestrials?In this second, si...

This book contains a wealth of information on all aspects of amber, it’s appearance, diagnostic properties, common treatments and imitations. Designed for the beginner or experienced, it will greatly assist those wishing to find out more about how to correctly identify amber. There is information on the physical and optical properties of amber. There is also details on the correct readings for amber, from various gemmological instruments, such as ultra-violet light, refractometer, to name ...

This book takes a look at diamonds, in particular the common forms of diamond, rocks in which diamonds are found in nature, diamond types, electrical behaviour, thermal conductivity, chemical composition, crystallography, hardness, specific gravity, determining synthetic diamonds to natural, colour, clarity methods, diamond enhancements, & more…This is volume 14 of the Australian Gemstones series.Other books in this series include Early Australian Gemstone Discoveries, Earl...

This book describes in a comprehensive manner the technical aspects of separation of rare earth elements into individual elements for industrial and commercial use. The authors include details on and differentiate among the effective separation of rare earth elements for various parts of the world. They introduce new applications of separation of rare earth elements from concentrates of diverse ore types.

Yohei Sasakawa The Northern Sea Route is the shortest shipping route connecting the Far East and Europe. However, the route has been practically inaccessible to commercial vessels, due to the harsh natural conditions in the area, which make navigation possible for only a small part of the year, and then only with an icebreaker leading the way. Opening the Northern Sea Route would greatly facilitate international shipping, making two routes - a northbound one through the NSR, and a southbou...

Conventionally, evolution has always been described in terms of species. The Chemistry of Evolution takes a novel, not to say revolutionary, approach and examines the evolution of chemicals and the use and degradation of energy, coupled to the environment, as the drive behind it. The authors address the major changes of life from bacteria to man in a systematic and unavoidable sequence, reclassifying organisms as chemotypes. Written by the authors of the bestseller The Biological Chemistry...

This book covers all types of literature on existing trend analysis approaches, but more than 60% of the methodologies are developed here and some of them are reflected to scientific literature and others are also innovative versions, modifications or improvements. The suggested methodologies help to design, develop, manage and deliver scientific applications and training to meet the needs of interested staff in companies, industries and universities including students.Technical co...

This book is geared for advanced level research in the general subject area of remote sensing and modeling as they apply to the coastal marine environment. The various chapters focus on the latest scientific and technical advances in the service of better understanding coastal marine environments for their care, conservation and management. Chapters specifically deal with advances in remote sensing coastal classifications, environmental monitoring, digital ocean technological advances, geo...

Since the beginning of man's existence on Earth, the adequacy of available water has been as important as any other factor for man's survival and prosperity.The volume comprises comprehensive reviews on: Paleoenvironments of arid land, climate-water-man interactions, water resources in the Minoan era, ancient Greek examples of avoiding water shortages, climatic changes in the eastern Mediterranean region since 5000 B.C., climatic evolution in ancient civilizations based on fossil st...

Inclusions are one of the most diagnostic characteristics of gemstones assisting greatly in their identification. Specific inclusions can often indicate a gemstones geological occurrence, its country of origin, whether it is natural or has been synthetically or artificially made and if so by which particular process, or even whether a gemstone has been treated by heat or another method or colour enhanced. This book is a brief guide to gemstone inclusions, their genesis and diagnostic chara...

Earthquake and tsunami disasters have been increasing rapidly and globally in the last quarter-century. The purpose of this book is to provide essential knowledge and information on the mitigation of earthquakes and tsunamis for graduate students, young researchers, and geotechnical engineers. It begins by presenting recent cases of earthquakes that have occurred in the world, referring to tsunamis and soil liquefaction and how to cope with such disasters. The final chapter proposes strate...