This book introduces a new type of data poisoning attack, dubbed, backdoor attack. In backdoor attacks, an attacker can train the model with poisoned data to obtain a model that performs well on a normal input but behaves wrongly with crafted triggers. Backdoor attacks can occur in many scenarios where the training process is not entirely controlled, such as using third-party datasets, third-party platforms for training, or directly calling models provided by third parties. Due to the enor...

The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Individual Differences provides a thorough, in-depth discussion of the theory, research, and pedagogy pertaining to the role individual difference (ID) factors play in second language acquisition (SLA).It goes beyond the traditional repertoire and includes 32 chapters covering a full spectrum of topics on learners’ cognitive, conative, affective, and demographic/sociocultural variation. The volume examines IDs from ...

Task-based language teaching is an approach which differs from traditional approaches by emphasising the importance of engaging learners' natural abilities for acquiring language incidentally through the performance of tasks that draw learners' attention to form. Drawing on the multiple perspectives and expertise of five leading authorities in the field, this book provides a comprehensive and balanced account of task-based language teaching (TBLT). Split into five sections, the book provid...

Language Aptitude: Advancing Theory, Testing, Research and Practice brings together cutting-edge global perspectives on foreign language aptitude. Drawing from educational psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience, the editors have assembled interdisciplinary authors writing for an applied linguistics and education audience. The book is broken into five major themes: revisiting and updating current language aptitude theories and models; emerging insights from contemporary re...

This book constitutes of the proceedings from the 28th International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, ICECCS 2024, held in Limassol, Cyprus, during June 19–21, 2024.The 18 full papers and 4 short papers presented here were carefully reviewed and selected from 68 submissions. These papers have been categorized into the following sections: Machine Learning and Complex Systems; Neural Network Verification; A.I. for Software Engineering; Smart Contract; Formal Met...

This concise, accessible book explores the connection between language acquisition and emergent literacy skills, and how this sets the stage for later literacy development. Chapters address formative early experiences such as speaking and listening, being read to, and talking about print concepts and the alphabet. Written for early childhood professionals, reading specialists, and speech–language pathologists, the book describes effective assessment and instructional approaches for fosteri...

This four-volume set LNCS 16053-16056 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, ESORICS 2025, held in Toulouse, France, during September 22–24, 2025.The 100 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 600 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows:AI and Data-Centric Security, Systems and Hardware Security, Privacy, Cryptography and Secure Protocol Desig...

The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition brings together fifty leading international figures in the field to produce a state-of-the-art overview of Second Language Acquisition.The Handbook covers a wide range of topics related to Second Language Acquisition: language in context, linguistic, psycholinguistic, and neurolinguistic theories and perspectives, skill learning, individual differences, L2 learning settings, and language assessment. All chapter...

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of federated learning (FL), a novel approach to decentralized, privacy-preserving machine learning. This book delves into the resilience and security challenges inherent to FL, such as model poisoning and malicious attacks, that jeopardize system integrity. Through cutting-edge research and practical insights, the book introduces defense mechanisms like representational similarity analysis and visual explanation techniques, which safeguard FL mo...

The Science of Reading: A Handbook brings together state-of-the-art reviews of reading research from leading names in the field, to create a highly authoritative, multidisciplinary overview of contemporary knowledge about reading and related skills.Provides comprehensive coverage of the subject, including theoretical approaches, reading processes, stage models of reading, cross-linguistic studies of reading, reading difficulties, the biology of readi...

The five-volume set, LNAI 158710 - 15874 constitutes the proceedings of the 29th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, PAKDD 2025, held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, during June 10–13, 2025.The conference received a total of 557 submissions to the main track, 35 submissions to the survey track and 104 submittion to the special track on LLMs. Of these, 134 papers have been accepted for the main track, 10 for the survey track and 24 for the LLM trac...

"This book is one of the best I′ve read on how the brain functions in second language learners and is invaluable for understanding ELLs with learning disabilities."—Irma Guadarrama, ProfessorUniversity of Texas-Pan American College of Education"David Sousa brings together all of the research about the brain to show the process of learning multiple languages and offers ways to implement effective teaching strategies with quality instruction."—S...