Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England for two years, from 1483 until his death in 1485 in the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat at Bosworth Field, the decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses, is sometimes regarded as the end of the Middle Ages in England.When his brother Edward IV died in April 1483, Richard was named Lord Protector of the realm for Edward's son and su...

History of the Incas is a foundational colonial chronicle that reconstructs the origins, dynastic succession, conquests, rituals, and political institutions of Tawantinsuyu. Written in a sober, evidentiary prose shaped by legal testimony and Renaissance historiography, it draws on Indigenous informants while framing Inca history within Spanish imperial concerns. The work stands at the intersection of ethnography, political argument, and the chronicle tradition of the Indies. Pedro Sarmient...

Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan by Sir Clements R. Markham is a masterful reconstruction of one of the most daring and dramatic chapters in maritime history — the sixteenth-century Spanish attempts to navigate the perilous waters at the tip of South America. Drawing upon rare manuscripts, official reports, and journals preserved in the archives of Seville and Madrid, Markham brings to life the courage, ambition, and tragedy of the explorers who followed in Magellan...

In "The Story of Majorca and Minorca," Sir Clements R. Markham offers a compelling exploration of the historical, geographical, and cultural narratives surrounding the Balearic Islands. The book is presented in a narrative style that interweaves scholarly research with vivid storytelling, reflecting Markham's deep respect for these regions' complex pasts. Through meticulous historical documentation, the author brings to life the islands' rich heritage, from their prehistoric roots to their...

In "Apu Ollantay," Clements R. Sir Markham masterfully immerses readers in a delicate tapestry of Andean mythology and Quechua culture, blending poetic dialogue with rich symbolic imagery. This dramatic work, set in pre-Columbian Peru, unfolds the poignant tale of the love between the noble Apu Ollantay and the Inca princess, Cusi Coyllur, juxtaposing themes of passion, power, and the struggle against social conventions. Markham's literary style, characterized by its lyrical quality and hi...

Explore the fascinating world of the Inca Empire through a series of carefully curated historical accounts in Articles on the Incas by Sir Clements Robert Markham. This work delves into key aspects of Incan culture, focusing on their religion, mythology, and societal customs.Stories such as The Shepherd and the Daughter of the Sun and Viracocha and the Coming of the Incas shed light on the Incas' spiritual beliefs and their divine connections. Markham also offers a glimpse into sig...

The story of the Islands of Majorca and Minorca has never been told in our language in a condensed form, although the interest is great from an historical point of view, and the materials sufficient, though not perhaps abundant. It is so closely connected with the history of Aragon and the recovery of the Sicilies from the intruding Angevins that the two cannot be altogether separated. The most that can be done is, as far as practicable, to treat the Aragonese and Sicilian events from a Ma...

In "Apu Ollantay," Sir Clements R. Markham delves into the rich tapestry of Incan mythology and culture through a beautifully rendered narrative. The book not only serves as a dramatic retelling of the legend of Ollantay, a love story entwined with themes of power, rebellion, and indigenous identity, but it also showcases Markham's mastery of a lyrical style that merges poetic elements with prose. Situated within a broader literary context of 19th-century British fascination with the Ameri...

The drama tells the story of Ollantay, a noble warrior who falls in love with Cusi Coyllur, the daughter of Emperor Pachacuti. Their love is forbidden due to the rigid social structures of the Inca Empire. When their secret relationship is discovered, Ollantay rebels against the emperor’s authority, leading to a dramatic confrontation between love and power.Ultimately, after years of hardship and exile, the story resolves with a reunion between the lovers. The new emperor recognizes the si...

Markham meticulously re-examines the historical evidence surrounding Richard’s life, reign, and character. He critiques the Tudor propaganda that painted Richard as a tyrant and murderer, most notably in relation to the deaths of his nephews, the Princes in the Tower. Through detailed analysis of contemporary documents, letters, and reports, Markham presents a more sympathetic portrayal, arguing that Richard III was a competent and reform-minded ruler who fell victim to political intrigue ...

In "The Story of Majorca and Minorca," Clements R. Sir Markham masterfully weaves a compelling narrative that explores the rich historical tapestry of the Balearic Islands. Through meticulous research and vibrant prose, Markham delves into the islands' cultural evolution, illuminating their significance in Mediterranean history. His literary style balances scholarly rigor with accessible storytelling, capturing both the beauty and complexity of Majorca and Minorca, from their prehistoric r...

In "The Paladins of Edwin the Great," Clements R. Sir Markham crafts a vivid tapestry of historical fiction that intertwines the realms of fantasy and reality. Set in the mythic age of early medieval England, the narrative chronicles the valiant exploits of Edwin, King of Northumbria, and his loyal companions. Markham's prose is both lyrical and accessible, marked by rich descriptions and a deep understanding of the cultural milieu of the period, reflecting the echoes of legend and the gra...