The Post-Communist World in the Twenty-First Century presents studies by senior scholars and practitioners that are highly relevant to contemporary political challenges. The democratic vision that accompanied the collapse of communist regimes in the Soviet Union and East Central Europe has been replaced by a range of authoritarian, semi-authoritarian and democratic regimes, and growing division between Western and Russian influence. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has led to renewed tensions ...

Huikea tositarina purjelaiva Vrouw Marian haaksirikosta ja löytymisestä, sen mukana kadonneesta taideaarteesta ja Katariina Suuren hovista.Heinäkuussa 1999 löydetty Vrouw Maria on legendaarisin saaristomeren syvyyksissä lepäävistä hylyistä. Amsterdamista kohti Pietaria lokakuussa 1771 lähtenyt kauppalaiva haaksirikkoutui Saaristomerellä ja vei mukanaan meren pohjaan historiallisen lastinsa.Aluksen suurimman aarteen tilaaja oli tsaaritar Katariina Suuri, saaliinhimoinen taid...

The postcommunist transitions produced two very different types of states. The "contractual" state is associated with the countries of Eastern Europe, which moved toward democratic regimes, consensual relations with society, and clear boundaries between political power and economic wealth. The "predatory" state is associated with the successors to the USSR, which instead developed authoritarian regimes, coercive relations with society, and poorly defined boundaries between...

This title was first published in 2000: As the El'tsin era has now drawn to a close, numerous questions remain unanswered regarding the course of Russia's post-Communist traditions. El'tsin's exit from the presidential stage provides an opportunity to assess the achievements of Russia's multi-faceted reforms, to explain the factors that have most shaped the reform process, and to identify the trends that are likely to continue under a presidential successor. This volume embodies such an ef...