This Element advances a theory of social cues to explain how international institutions legitimize foreign policy. It reframes legitimization as a type of identity politics. Institutions confer legitimacy by sending social cues that exert pressures to conform and alleviate social–relational concerns regarding norm abidance, group participation, and status and image. Applied to the domain of humanitarian wars, the argument implies that liberal democracies vis-à-vis NATO can influence citize...

Recognizing the urgent need for students to understand the emergence of the United States' power and prestige in relation to world events, Gary W. Reichard and Ted Dickson reframe the teaching of American history in a global context. Each essay covers a specific chronological period and approaches fundamental topics and events in United States history from an international perspective, emphasizing how the development of the United States has always depended on its transactions with other n...

After the ivory tower existence of college comes the hard reality of "real life." Although the economy is steadily curving upwards, many college graduates still have to face the reality that their efforts over the past four years may not readily result in the payoff of a lucrative job. To put it bluntly, many new graduates today find themselves newly unemployedFor those that fall under this category, who are walking out into the real world for the first time, help in the form of a ...

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computers and Games, CG 2024, held as a virtual event, during November 25-29, 2024.The 17 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: Chess and its Variants; Go and NoGo; General Approaches for Solving and Playing Games; Nonograms; Social Aspects of Games; and Games with Uncertainty.

This book constitutes the refereed post proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Advances in Computer Games, ACG 2023, held online, during November 28–30, 2023.The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Chess and its Variants, Solving Games, Board Games, Card Games, Player Investigation, Math, Games, and Puzzles.

This book stimulates discussions on cultural and educational exchanges between rival states and societies, raises awareness of the potential positive and negative impacts of such exchanges, and serves as a basis for future research and program design. Cultural and educational exchanges in various forms have existed for millennia. Yet it was not until the unprecedented human devastation of two world wars catalyzed a sense of urgency around the world that a new era of cultural and educationa...

China’s rise, an increasing emphasis on international education benchmarking, and a global recognition of East Asian countries’ success in this regard have brought the issue of Chinese education to the forefront of public consciousness. In particular, the concept of a “Chinese education model” is one that has sparked debate and quickly become a major focus of education research around the world, especially in light of regional achievements vis-à-vis university rankings, bibliometric indice...

Explore the ever-expanding, fascinating field of Artificial Intelligence and its latest technologies with this industry-leading text.Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition, 4th Edition by Stuart Russel and Peter Norvigis the long-anticipated revision of this market-leading text, exploring the full breadth and depth of the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI).From robotic planetary explorers to online services with bil...

"The authors’ clear visual style provides a comprehensive look at what’s currently possible with artificial neural networks as well as a glimpse of the magic that’s to come."– Tim Urban, author of Wait But WhyFully Practical, Insightful Guide to Modern Deep LearningDeep learning is transforming software, facilitating powerful new artificial intelligence capabilities, and driving unprecedented algorithm performance....

This open access book focuses on robot introspection, which has a direct impact on physical human–robot interaction and long-term autonomy, and which can benefit from autonomous anomaly monitoring and diagnosis, as well as anomaly recovery strategies. In robotics, the ability to reason, solve their own anomalies and proactively enrich owned knowledge is a direct way to improve autonomous behaviors. To this end, the authors start by considering the underlying pattern of multimodal observati...

The first comprehensive introduction to Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), covering MARL’s models, solution concepts, algorithmic ideas, technical challenges, and modern approaches.Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), an area of machine learning in which a collective of agents learn to optimally interact in a shared environment, boasts a growing array of applications in modern life, from autonomous driving and multi-robot factories to automated tradin...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already present in our daily routines, and in the future, we will encounter it in almost every aspect of life – from analyzing X-rays for medical diagnosis, driving autonomous cars, maintaining complex machinery, to drafting essays on environmental problems and drawing imaginative pictures. The potentials of AI are enormous, while at the same time many myths, uncertainties and challenges circulate that need to be tackled.The English translation of th...