Does the resolute defense of their beliefs prove that the Christian proto-communities’ earliest documents about Jesus’ life did not have the discrepancies, contradictions, and conflicts which exegetes argue existed in the four Gospels? Their presence has divided the Gospels into the Synoptics and John, declared by most contemporary exegetes to be originally Greek in their composition. Geis claims that the various differences in Synoptic accounts can be explained by the evidence that reveal...

Life of Christ bridges the gap between commentaries and devotional accounts of Christ’s ministry. Applying the requisite analytical tools, it addresses the question, is His life worth studying? The Resurrection event would confirm it is, as would the Gospel miracle accounts—neither of which, Geis argues, skeptical response disproves. Salvation history necessitates the reality of Mary’s virginity, which the author develops lexically and theologically. Jesus’ teachings and parables bring out...

In My Ever After is not a mass media style "general readership" book on immortality; rather, it is an argument against a current school -- neurophilosophy's virtual equation of consciousness and the world. Without exposing the equation's weaknesses, the question of immortality, Geis argues, is moot. Part I identifies many epistemic and scientific grounds for a real world outside consciousness and self-refutational flaws in quantum physics. It employs the phenomenological method to...

The existence of God raises many questions. Geis' work addresses queries that arise from the gratuitous claims of empiricism in Hume, unfounded assumptions in Kant, presumptions of science, and the improbabilities it identifies in Darwinism. By focusing on number and proportion as intrinsic to material and atomic constituency, any argument from chance as instrumental to the cosmos' emergence and sustainability becomes invalidated. The arguments from contingency and the nature of intellecti...

Despite claiming unbelief in God or any higher power that may have designed or created the world and all that is in it, modern scientists often write and speak of chance as some kind of being or force that can cause things to happen. In one breath they push the evolution agenda and in the next they say that creatures were "designed" with specific traits. In this classic book, R. C. Sproul and Keith Mathison call the scientific world to employ logic and clarity in their di...

In this book, Fulton Sheen addresses what G. K. Chesterton called �the most tremendous question in the world; perhaps the only question in the world:� how man, through the power of reason, can know the nature of God. Tracing the course of philosophy from the Middle Ages to modern times, he shows Thomistic realism to be an adequate response to modern ideals. Emphasizing reason as a way of attaining knowledge of God, Bishop Sheen identifies the current age of agnosticism with its simultaneou...

An analysis of Newton's mathematical work, from early discoveries to mature reflections, and a discussion of Newton's views on the role and nature of mathematics.Historians of mathematics have devoted considerable attention to Isaac Newton's work on algebra, series, fluxions, quadratures, and geometry. In Isaac Newton on Mathematical Certainty and Method, Niccolò Guicciardini examines a critical aspect of Newton's work that has not been tightly connected t...

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Though it did not yet exist as a discrete field of scientific inquiry, biology was at the heart of many of the most important debates in seventeenth-century philosophy. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the work of G. W. Leibniz. In Divine Machines, Justin Smith offers the first in-depth examination of Leibniz's deep and complex engagement with the empirical life sciences of his day, in areas as diverse as medicine, physiology, taxonomy, generation theory, and paleontology. He...

What role do metaphors play in philosophical language? Are they impediments to clear thinking and clear expression, rhetorical flourishes that may well help to make philosophy more accessible to a lay audience, but that ought ideally to be eradicated in the interests of terminological exactness? Or can the images used by philosophers tell us more about the hopes and cares, attitudes and indifferences that regulate an epoch than their carefully elaborated systems of thought...

In "Time and Free Will," Henri Bergson explores the intricate relationship between time and human consciousness, challenging the prevailing mechanistic views of the universe of his time. Through a philosophical lens, Bergson distinguishes between the quantitative measurement of time, as understood by physics, and the qualitative experience of time, which he terms 'duration' (durée). Employing a unique narrative style that intertwines rigorous argumentation with vivid examples from percepti...

Vitalism has a long history in medical philosophies. Traditional healing practices posited that disease results from some imbalance in the vital energies that distinguish living from non-living matter. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. Hesperides Press are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.