This monograph explains what economic analysis is, why it is important, and forms it can take in policing and criminal justice. Costs are important in all forms of economic analysis but their collection tends to be partial and inadequate in capturing key information. A practical guide to the collection is therefore also provided.

Over the last two decades, there has been increased interest in the distribution of crime and other antisocial behavior at lower levels of geography. The focus on micro geography and its contribution to the understanding and prevention of crime has been called the 'criminology of place'. It pushes scholars to examine small geographic areas within cities, often as small as addresses or street segments, for their contribution to crime. Here, the authors describe what is known about crime and...

The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across many research traditions. These include the neighborhood effects approach developed in the 1920s, the criminology of place, and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime in communities. Aided by new technologies and improved data-reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed rapidly within each of these approach...

The use of formulae has become widespread in recent years across most developed countries. In the UK, a conservative estimate is that annually £150 billion of public service expenditure is distributed using formulae, in services such as health care, local government, social security and higher education. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice underlying the use of such formulae as a basis for funding public services.The philosophy, design and econo...

Estimates reveal that insurance fraud costs $80 billion per yearand thats just in the United States of America. That translates into almost $1,000 annually per household.Weak preventative controls and paltry punishments make insurance fraud particularly attractive to criminals, who often use it as their preferred vehicle for funding organized crime and terrorist activities.J. Michael Skiba examines why insurance fraud is seen as a low-risk, high-reward offense and the toll ...

This book provides good practice protocols for the economic valuation of non-market forest ecosystem goods and services. it covers the main valuation methods: Hedonic Pricing, Travel Cost, Contingent Valuation, Choice Modeling, and Benefit Transfer.

Outcome in the management of public services refers to the impact of a particular public sector activity. This book provides a critical assessment of the way outcome is measured, exploring the need to balance objective and subjective forms of

The credit crunch is a threat to publicly funded health care. World-leading health economist Cam Donaldson defends our systems on the same basis as those who seek to erode public services, namely, that of economic efficiency. However, protecting government funding of health care is not enough. Donaldson goes on to show how we can get more out of our systems by addressing issues of value for money. This raises several practical and moral issues, such as: What have we achieved through contin...

The Handbook of Health Economics provide an up-to-date survey of the burgeoning literature in health economics. As a relatively recent subdiscipline of economics, health economics has been remarkably successful. It has made or stimulated numerous contributions to various areas of the main discipline: the theory of human capital; the economics of insurance; principal-agent theory; asymmetric information; econometrics; the theory of incomplete markets; and the foundations of welfare economic...

With the healthcare sector accounting for a sizeable proportion of national expenditures, the pursuit of efficiency has become a central objective of policymakers within most health systems. However, the analysis and measurement of efficiency is a complex undertaking, not least due to the multiple objectives of health care organizations and the many gaps in information systems. In response to this complexity, research in organizational efficiency analysis has flourished. This 2006 book exa...

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has become a vital management tool worldwide. EIA is a means of evaluating the likely consequences of a proposed major action which will significantly affect the environment, before that action is taken.This new edition of Wood's key text provides an authoritative, international review of environmental impact assessment, comparing systems used in the UK, USA, the Netherlands, Canada, the Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand and South Afri...

Modelling the City examines the changing role of urban models in respect to both the need to readdress measures of urban well-being and the perceived need to bring model outputs more in tune with key planning problems. The authors argue that whilst there has been substantial progress with a wide range of theoretical problems in urban modelling, modellers have not paid enough attention to the usefulness of their model outputs in terms of indicators which offer new insights into the workings...