Showing results for "raphael espinoza"

Setting macroeconomic policy is especially difficult in fragile states. Political legitimacy concerns are heightened, raising issues such as who the policymakers are, what incentives they face, and how the process of policymaking is likely to work under limited legitimacy and high uncertainty both about the macroeconomic environment as well as policy effectiveness. In addition, fragility expands the range of policy objectives in ways that may constrain the attainment of standard macroecono...

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Jonathan David Ostry, Jorge Alvarez, Raphael A Espinoza, Chris Papageorgiou

While progress has been made in increasing female labor force participation (FLFP) in the last 20 years, large gaps remain. The latest Fund research shows that improving gender diversity can result in larger economic gains than previously thought. Indeed, gender diversity brings benefits all its own. Women bring new skills to the workplace. This may reflect social norms and their impact on upbringing and social interactions, or underlying differences in risk preference and response to ince...

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Jonathan Mr. Ostry, Atish Mr. Ghosh, Raphael Espinoza

What considerations should guide public debt policy going forward? Should debt be reduced to achieve normative anchors (such as 60 percent of GDP), should it be increased further to finance a big public investment push, or should the existing debt be serviced forever? We argue that, for countries with ample fiscal space (little risk of encountering a fiscal crisis), raising distortive taxes merely to bring the debt down is a treatment cure that is worse than the disease. High public debt of c...

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Jörg Decressin, Ioannis Halikias, Michael Kumhof, Daniel Leigh, Prakash Loungani, Paulo Medas, Susanna Mursula, Antonio Spilimbergo

The paper studies the impacts of wage moderation in the euro area. Simulation results show that if a single euro area crisis-hit economy undertakes wage moderation, the impact on output is positive for that economy and for the entire euro area. If all crisis-hit economies undertake wage moderation together, their output still expands, albeit to a lesser degree. If the wage moderation is accompanied by cuts in policy interest rates by the central bank—and by quantitative easing once interest r...

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Michael Hlinka

For the fifty years following the Second World War, Canada enjoyed a period of spectacular economic growth — the economy quadruple in size and the living standard of most Canadians steadily improved.However, in the years since, Canada has suffered from economic stagnation. Businesses keep closing, and Canadians find it harder to get and keep a good job. Increasingly, Canadians have relied on consumer debt to help mask the underlying problems, but for many even that temporary form o...

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Noam Chomsky, David Barsamian

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The American Empire Project

In this compelling set of interviews, the intellectual discusses contemporary threats to democracy, from economic inequality to the Trump presidency.In wide-ranging discussions with David Barsamian, his longtime interlocutor, Noam Chomsky asks us to consider "the world we are leaving to our grandchildren": one imperiled by climate change and the growing potential for nuclear war. If the current system is incapable of dealing with these threats, he argues, it's up to...

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David Wolman

For ages, money has meant little metal disks and rectangular slips of paper. Yet the usefulness of physical money -- to say nothing of its value -- is coming under fire as never before. Intrigued by the distinct possibility that cash will soon disappear, author and Wired contributing editor David Wolman sets out to investigate the future of money...and how it will affect your wallet.Wolman begins his journey by deciding to shun cash for an entire year -- a surprisingly successful ex...

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Brian Romanchuk

Monetary policy has increasingly become the focus of economists and investors. This report describes the factors driving interest rates across the economic cycle. Written by an experienced fixed income analyst, it explains in straightforward terms the theory that lies behind central bank thinking. Although monetary theory appears complex and highly mathematical, the text explains how decisions still end up being based upon qualitative views about the state of the economy.The text m...

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Thorstein Veblen

The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions (1899), by Thorstein Veblen, is an economic treatise and detailed social critique of conspicuous consumption, as a function of social-class consumerism. It suggests that the social strata and the division of labor of the feudal period continued into the modern era. The lords of the manor employed themselves in the economically useless practices of conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure, while the middle and lower c...

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Paul Wallace

How and why did the euro crisis happen? What are the implications for the economic and political future of Europe? The euro is an extraordinary political and economic experiment, the results of which are still highly uncertain. This book, written by a leading commentator on the economics of the European Union, provides a clear and analytical guide to the euro experiment and the subsequent crisis. Written in a balanced way that is neither pro-euro nor euro-sceptic, it explains the political...

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Khafra K Om-Ra-Seti

This "Special Report" clarifies some of the issues of an impending world economic collapse and the emergence of the vast implementation phase of the Information Age Revolution. Long-Wave Economic Cycles helps us to understand the great transformation that our world will undergo during the 21st Century.The looming economic crisis confronting the world in 2013 and beyond is massive and has the potential to severely cripple the global economic system. With each passing day, t...

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Nigel Dodd, Nigel Dodd

A reevaluation of what money is—and what it might beQuestions about the nature of money have gained a new urgency in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Even as many people have less of it, there are more forms and systems of money, from local currencies and social lending to mobile money and Bitcoin. Yet our understanding of what money is—and what it might be—hasn't kept pace. In The Social Life of Money, Nigel Dodd, one of today’s leading socio...