Rakuten Kobo

Indkøbskurv

Vare(r) ikke tilgængelig til køb

Gennemgå din indkøbskurv. Du kan fjerne de(n) tilgængelige vare(r) nu, ellers fjerner vi det automatisk ved kassen.

varervare

- Ubegrænset adgang til e-bøger
  
  Ubegrænset adgang til lydbøger
  
  Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions
  
  Få 1 kredit hver måned til en lydbog efter eget valg
  
  Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions
  
  Ubegrænset adgang til e-bøger
  
  Ubegrænset adgang til lydbøger
  
  Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions
  lydbog
  af ,
  
  Ledig:
  
  . Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions.
  
  Forudbestilling
  1 lydbog om måneden
  
  + GRATIS 30-dages prøve
  
  Særtilbud
  
  Få 1 kredit hver måned til at bytte til en lydbog efter eget valg
  
  *Ingen forpligtelse, annuller når som helst
  
  GRATIS

varervare

Ubegrænset adgang til e-bøger

Ubegrænset adgang til lydbøger

Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions

Få 1 kredit hver måned til en lydbog efter eget valg

Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions

Ubegrænset adgang til e-bøger

Ubegrænset adgang til lydbøger

Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions
lydbog
af ,

Ledig:
. Ingen forpligtelse, aflys når som helst på kobo.com/account/subscriptions.

Forudbestilling
1 lydbog om måneden

+ GRATIS 30-dages prøve

Særtilbud

Få 1 kredit hver måned til at bytte til en lydbog efter eget valg

*Ingen forpligtelse, annuller når som helst

GRATIS

Anbefalet til dig

Scary Smart

The Future of Artificial Intelligence and How You Can Save Our World

af Mo Gawdat ...

**A Sunday Times Business Book of the Year.Scary Smart will teach you how to navigate the scary and inevitable intrusion of Artificial Intelligence, with an accessible blueprint for creating a harmonious future alongside AI. From Mo Gawdat, the former Chief Business Officer at Google [X] and bestselling author of Solve for Happy.**Technology is putting our humanity at risk to an unprecedented ... Læs mere

117,91 kr.

**A Sunday Times Business Book of the Year.Scary Smart will teach you how to navigate the scary and inevitable intrusion of Artificial Intelligence, with an accessible blueprint for creating a harmonious future alongside AI. From Mo Gawdat, the former Chief Business Officer at Google [X] and bestselling author of Solve for Happy.**Technology is putting our humanity at risk to an unprecedented
... Læs mere
Probabilistic Robotics

af Sebastian Thrun, Wolfram Burgard, Dieter Fox ...

Serier serie Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents series
An introduction to the techniques and algorithms of the newest field in robotics.Probabilistic robotics is a new and growing area in robotics, concerned with perception and control in the face of uncertainty. Building on the field of mathematical statistics, probabilistic robotics endows robots with a new level of robustness in real-world situations. This book introduces the reader to a wealth of ... Læs mere

668,24 kr.

An introduction to the techniques and algorithms of the newest field in robotics.Probabilistic robotics is a new and growing area in robotics, concerned with perception and control in the face of uncertainty. Building on the field of mathematical statistics, probabilistic robotics endows robots with a new level of robustness in real-world situations. This book introduces the reader to a wealth of
... Læs mere
Danmark disruptet

Tro, håb og tech-giganter

af Markus Bernsen ...

På få år er vores lille velfærdsstat blevet en forstad til Silicon Valley: Apple og Facebook bygger enorme datacentre i danske provinsbyer; Google har et tæt samarbejde med kommunerne; regeringen har nedsat et ”disruptionråd”, udpeget en ”tech-ambassadør” og lovet at gøre Danmarks til ”verdens mest digitaliserede land”.Samtidig forsøger en dansk modstandsbevægelse at tage magten tilbage fra tech ... Læs mere

123,20 kr.

På få år er vores lille velfærdsstat blevet en forstad til Silicon Valley: Apple og Facebook bygger enorme datacentre i danske provinsbyer; Google har et tæt samarbejde med kommunerne; regeringen har nedsat et ”disruptionråd”, udpeget en ”tech-ambassadør” og lovet at gøre Danmarks til ”verdens mest digitaliserede land”.Samtidig forsøger en dansk modstandsbevægelse at tage magten tilbage fra tech
... Læs mere
The LEGO® MINDSTORMS EV3 Discovery Book

A Beginner's Guide to Building and Programming Robots

af Laurens Valk ...

LEGO MINDSTORMS has changed the way we think about robotics by making it possible for anyone to build real, working robots. The latest MINDSTORMS set, EV3, is more powerful than ever, and The LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 Discovery Book is the complete, beginner-friendly guide you need to get started.Begin with the basics as you build and program a simple robot to experiment with motors, sensors, and EV3 ... Læs mere

167,11 kr.

LEGO MINDSTORMS has changed the way we think about robotics by making it possible for anyone to build real, working robots. The latest MINDSTORMS set, EV3, is more powerful than ever, and The LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 Discovery Book is the complete, beginner-friendly guide you need to get started.Begin with the basics as you build and program a simple robot to experiment with motors, sensors, and EV3
... Læs mere
Arduino

The complete guide to Arduino for beginners, including projects, tips, tricks, and programming!

af James Arthur, TBD ...

ARDUINOThe Arduino technology started as an idea in 2003 by Hernando Barragán to simplify the BASIC stamp microcontroller, and reduce costs for students who wanted to purchase such technology.Since 2003, the Arduino technology has rapidly expanded from its humble beginnings in Italy, and is now available worldwide in a number of different models.This book aims to educate beginners on all things ... Læs mere

23,50 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

ARDUINOThe Arduino technology started as an idea in 2003 by Hernando Barragán to simplify the BASIC stamp microcontroller, and reduce costs for students who wanted to purchase such technology.Since 2003, the Arduino technology has rapidly expanded from its humble beginnings in Italy, and is now available worldwide in a number of different models.This book aims to educate beginners on all things
... Læs mere
AI 2041

Ten Visions for Our Future

af Kai-Fu Lee, Chen Qiufan ...

A WALL STREET JOURNAL, WASHINGTON POST, AND FINANCIAL TIMES BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR*Now with a new foreword on ChatGPT*_____________How will artificial intelligence change our world within twenty years?AI will be the defining development of the twenty-first century. Within two decades, aspects of daily human life will be unrecognizable. AI will generate unprecedented wealth, revolutionize medicine ... Læs mere

111,50 kr.

A WALL STREET JOURNAL, WASHINGTON POST, AND FINANCIAL TIMES BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR*Now with a new foreword on ChatGPT*_____________How will artificial intelligence change our world within twenty years?AI will be the defining development of the twenty-first century. Within two decades, aspects of daily human life will be unrecognizable. AI will generate unprecedented wealth, revolutionize medicine
... Læs mere
Edge Assisted Mobile Visual SLAM

af Jingao Xu, Zheng Yang, Yunhao Liu, Hao Cao ...

In an age where real-time processing and interaction with the physical world through digital lenses are paramount, visual SLAM technology has become the backbone of mobile AR/VR applications, robotics, and autonomous systems. However, the demanding computational load of visual SLAM often strains the limited resources of mobile devices, hindering performance and accuracy. This is exactly where edge ... Læs mere

1.260,86 kr.

In an age where real-time processing and interaction with the physical world through digital lenses are paramount, visual SLAM technology has become the backbone of mobile AR/VR applications, robotics, and autonomous systems. However, the demanding computational load of visual SLAM often strains the limited resources of mobile devices, hindering performance and accuracy. This is exactly where edge
... Læs mere
Rise of Automation - Technology and Robots Will Replace Humans

af Adidas Wilson ...

You probably have an idea how robots will affect human workers negatively. Chief players in the tech world like Bill Gates and Elon Musk have provided their solutions; universal basic income or robot tax. But amidst the serious warnings and the utter sci-fi utopias, the human pain that will follow future job loss seems to be forgotten.15 years or so from now, the US economy will lose 38% of its ... Læs mere

25,09 kr.

You probably have an idea how robots will affect human workers negatively. Chief players in the tech world like Bill Gates and Elon Musk have provided their solutions; universal basic income or robot tax. But amidst the serious warnings and the utter sci-fi utopias, the human pain that will follow future job loss seems to be forgotten.15 years or so from now, the US economy will lose 38% of its
... Læs mere
Advances in Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics

Selected Articles from ICIMR 2023; 22-23 August, Suzhou, China

Redigeret af Andrew Tan, Fan Zhu, Haochuan Jiang, Kazi Mostafa, Eng Hwa Yap, Leo Chen, Lillian J. A. Olule, Hyun Myung ...

Serier serie Springer Nature Proceedings excluding Computer Science
This book presents selected peer reviewed articles from the International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics (ICIMR 2023) held on 22-23 August at the Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University in China. The book deliberates on the key challenges, engineering and scientific discoveries, innovations, and advances in intelligent manufacturing and robotics that are non-trivial through the ... Læs mere

1.840,86 kr.

This book presents selected peer reviewed articles from the International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics (ICIMR 2023) held on 22-23 August at the Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University in China. The book deliberates on the key challenges, engineering and scientific discoveries, innovations, and advances in intelligent manufacturing and robotics that are non-trivial through the
... Læs mere
Emerging Electronics and Automation

Select Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, E2A 2023, Volume 1

Redigeret af Daniel-Ioan Stroe, Dr. Nasimuddin, Shahedul Haque Laskar, Shivendra Kumar Pandey ...

Serier serie Springer Nature Proceedings excluding Computer Science
This book contains peer-reviewed papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Emerging Electronics & Automation (E2A) 2023. It aims to provide a compilation of the scientific exchanges that occurred during the conference at NIT Silchar, India. The proceedings cover the latest scientific endeavors and accomplishments in various emerging fields, including instrumentation, control, signal ... Læs mere

1.840,86 kr.

This book contains peer-reviewed papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Emerging Electronics & Automation (E2A) 2023. It aims to provide a compilation of the scientific exchanges that occurred during the conference at NIT Silchar, India. The proceedings cover the latest scientific endeavors and accomplishments in various emerging fields, including instrumentation, control, signal
... Læs mere
Will and Responsibility

Legal Thinking of Artificial Intelligence

af Jun Gu, Chunming Xu ...

Oversat af Lujie Zheng ...

Serier serie Computer Science (R0)
This book explores the authors' legal thinking on artificial intelligence (AI), a topic of burgeoning interest in the technology sector and among the general public. As part of the Human Intelligence book series, it primarily addresses the legislative and philosophical challenges posed by AI technology. A key philosophical concern discussed is the implications of AI surpassing human intelligence ... Læs mere

546,36 kr.

This book explores the authors' legal thinking on artificial intelligence (AI), a topic of burgeoning interest in the technology sector and among the general public. As part of the Human Intelligence book series, it primarily addresses the legislative and philosophical challenges posed by AI technology. A key philosophical concern discussed is the implications of AI surpassing human intelligence
... Læs mere
How to Walk on Water and Climb up Walls

Animal Movement and the Robots of the Future

af David Hu ...

Discovering the secrets of animal movement and what they can teach usInsects walk on water, snakes slither, and fish swim. Animals move with astounding grace, speed, and versatility: how do they do it, and what can we learn from them? In How to Walk on Water and Climb up Walls, David Hu takes readers on an accessible, wondrous journey into the world of animal motion. From basement labs at MIT to ... Læs mere

101,61 kr.

Discovering the secrets of animal movement and what they can teach usInsects walk on water, snakes slither, and fish swim. Animals move with astounding grace, speed, and versatility: how do they do it, and what can we learn from them? In How to Walk on Water and Climb up Walls, David Hu takes readers on an accessible, wondrous journey into the world of animal motion. From basement labs at MIT to
... Læs mere
Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Communication

ICAIRC 2023

Redigeret af Sanjay Yadav, Yogendra Arya, Shailesh M. Pandey, Noredine Gherabi, Dimitrios A. Karras ...

Serier serie Springer Nature Proceedings Computer Science
This volume comprises the select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Communication (ICAIRC 2023). The content focuses on big data and cloud computing and the application of artificial intelligence, robotics and engineering, the Internet of Things, and sensor technology. Some of the topics covered include robot control, perception systems, ... Læs mere

1.681,11 kr.

This volume comprises the select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Communication (ICAIRC 2023). The content focuses on big data and cloud computing and the application of artificial intelligence, robotics and engineering, the Internet of Things, and sensor technology. Some of the topics covered include robot control, perception systems,
... Læs mere
Localization in Underwater Sensor Networks

af Jing Yan, Haiyan Zhao, Yuan Meng, Xinping Guan ...

Serier serie Computer Science (R0)
Ocean covers 70.8% of the Earth’s surface, and it plays an important role in supporting all life on Earth. Nonetheless, more than 80% of the ocean’s volume remains unmapped, unobserved and unexplored. In this regard, Underwater Sensor Networks (USNs), which offer ubiquitous computation, efficient communication and reliable control, are emerging as a promising solution to understand and explore the ... Læs mere

1.176,74 kr.

Ocean covers 70.8% of the Earth’s surface, and it plays an important role in supporting all life on Earth. Nonetheless, more than 80% of the ocean’s volume remains unmapped, unobserved and unexplored. In this regard, Underwater Sensor Networks (USNs), which offer ubiquitous computation, efficient communication and reliable control, are emerging as a promising solution to understand and explore the
... Læs mere
Multimodal Agents for Ageing and Multicultural Societies

Communications of NII Shonan Meetings

Redigeret af Juliana Miehle, Wolfgang Minker, Elisabeth André, Koichiro Yoshino ...

Serier serie Computer Science (R0)
This book aims to explore and discuss theories and technologies for the development of socially competent and culture-aware embodied conversational agents for elderly care. To tackle the challenges in ageing societies, this book was written by experts who have a background in assistive technologies for elderly care, culture-aware computing, multimodal dialogue, social robotics and synthetic agents ... Læs mere

1.008,61 kr.

This book aims to explore and discuss theories and technologies for the development of socially competent and culture-aware embodied conversational agents for elderly care. To tackle the challenges in ageing societies, this book was written by experts who have a background in assistive technologies for elderly care, culture-aware computing, multimodal dialogue, social robotics and synthetic agents
... Læs mere
The Synaptic Singularity: Synaptic AI Lab’s 10-Year Blueprint for AGI, Humanoids, and the Future of Reality

af ABHIJEET SARKAR ...

The Synaptic Singularity: Synaptic AI Lab's 10-Year Blueprint for AGI, Humanoids, and the Future of RealityBy Abhijeet Sarkar , Founder & Managing Director, Synaptic AI Lab Private LimitedTHE ERA OF "NARROW AI" IS OVER. THE AGE OF THE SYNAPTIC MIND HAS BEGUN."This is not a prediction. This is an engineering roadmap." — Abhijeet SarkarHistory is rarely written by those who wait for the future; it ... Læs mere

25,09 kr. eller Gratis med Kobo Plus

The Synaptic Singularity: Synaptic AI Lab's 10-Year Blueprint for AGI, Humanoids, and the Future of RealityBy Abhijeet Sarkar , Founder & Managing Director, Synaptic AI Lab Private LimitedTHE ERA OF "NARROW AI" IS OVER. THE AGE OF THE SYNAPTIC MIND HAS BEGUN."This is not a prediction. This is an engineering roadmap." — Abhijeet SarkarHistory is rarely written by those who wait for the future; it
... Læs mere
Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems

26th International Symposium, SSS 2024, Nagoya, Japan, October 20–22, 2024, Proceedings

Redigeret af Toshimitsu Masuzawa, Yoshiaki Katayama, Hirotsugu Kakugawa, Junya Nakamura, Yonghwan Kim ...

Serier serie Springer Nature Proceedings Computer Science
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, SSS 2024, held in Nagoya, Japan, during October 20-22, 2024.The 22 full and 4 invited papers as well as 6 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions. They deal with the design and development of distributed systems ... Læs mere

747,08 kr.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, SSS 2024, held in Nagoya, Japan, during October 20-22, 2024.The 22 full and 4 invited papers as well as 6 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions. They deal with the design and development of distributed systems
... Læs mere
The Secrets Of ChatGPT

af andi odeh ...

Unlock the full potential of AI with The Secrets of ChatGPT! Whether you're a tech enthusiast, entrepreneur, or just curious about artificial intelligence, this ebook is your ultimate guide to mastering ChatGPT. From its fascinating inner workings to real-world applications, you'll discover how this cutting-edge technology can boost your productivity, creativity, and efficiency. Packed with expert ... Læs mere

62,82 kr.

Unlock the full potential of AI with The Secrets of ChatGPT! Whether you're a tech enthusiast, entrepreneur, or just curious about artificial intelligence, this ebook is your ultimate guide to mastering ChatGPT. From its fascinating inner workings to real-world applications, you'll discover how this cutting-edge technology can boost your productivity, creativity, and efficiency. Packed with expert
... Læs mere
Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security

42nd International Conference, SAFECOMP 2023, Toulouse, France, September 20–22, 2023, Proceedings

Redigeret af Jérémie Guiochet, Stefano Tonetta, Friedemann Bitsch ...

Serier serie Springer Nature Proceedings Computer Science
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, SAFECOMP 2023, which took place in Toulouse, France, in September 2023.The 20 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Safety assurance; software testing and ... Læs mere

606,98 kr.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, SAFECOMP 2023, which took place in Toulouse, France, in September 2023.The 20 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Safety assurance; software testing and
... Læs mere
Industrial Robotics Control

Mathematical Models, Software Architecture, and Electronics Design

af Fabrizio Frigeni ...

Serier serie Professional and Applied Computing (R0)
Build a complete control system for industrial robots, learning all the theory and practical tips from the perspective of an automation engineer. Explore the details of kinematics, trajectories, and motion control, and then create your own circuit board to drive the electric motors and move the robot.After covering the theory, readers can put what they’ve learned in practice by programming a ... Læs mere

410,20 kr.

Build a complete control system for industrial robots, learning all the theory and practical tips from the perspective of an automation engineer. Explore the details of kinematics, trajectories, and motion control, and then create your own circuit board to drive the electric motors and move the robot.After covering the theory, readers can put what they’ve learned in practice by programming a
... Læs mere
Les robots dans Star Wars

af Jean-Claude HEUDIN ...

R2-D2 et C-3PO sont certainement les robots les plus populaires de la planète. Le petit nouveau BB-8 est lui-aussi devenu une vedette avant même la sortie du nouvel opus de la saga. Mais ils sont loin d’être les seuls, car Star Wars met en scène un nombre incroyable de robots, bien plus que dans toute autre histoire de science-fiction. Alors que les robots généralement inquiè... ... Læs mere

37,28 kr.

R2-D2 et C-3PO sont certainement les robots les plus populaires de la planète. Le petit nouveau BB-8 est lui-aussi devenu une vedette avant même la sortie du nouvel opus de la saga. Mais ils sont loin d’être les seuls, car Star Wars met en scène un nombre incroyable de robots, bien plus que dans toute autre histoire de science-fiction. Alors que les robots généralement inquiè...
... Læs mere
Proceedings of I4SDG Workshop 2021

IFToMM for Sustainable Development Goals

Redigeret af Giuseppe Quaglia, Alessandro Gasparetto, Victor Petuya, Giuseppe Carbone ...

Serier serie Springer Nature Proceedings excluding Computer Science
This volume contains the papers of the 1st Workshop IFToMM for Sustainable Development Goals (I4SDG), held online on November 25-26, 2021. The main topics of the workshop include the aspects of theory, design and practice of mechanism and machine science which are instrumental in reaching a sustainable development, such as: biomechanical engineering, sustainable energy systems, robotics and ... Læs mere

1.951,98 kr.

This volume contains the papers of the 1st Workshop IFToMM for Sustainable Development Goals (I4SDG), held online on November 25-26, 2021. The main topics of the workshop include the aspects of theory, design and practice of mechanism and machine science which are instrumental in reaching a sustainable development, such as: biomechanical engineering, sustainable energy systems, robotics and
... Læs mere
Web and Internet Economics

20th International Conference, WINE 2024, Edinburgh, UK, December 2–5, 2024, Proceedings

Redigeret af Marios Mavronicolas, Qi Qi, Grant Schoenebeck ...

Serier serie Springer Nature Proceedings Computer Science
This volume LNCS 15534 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Web and Internet Economics, WINE 2024, held in Edinburgh, UK, during December 2-5, 2024.The 34 full papers and 32 abstracts included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 248 submissions. These papers cover a wide range of topics such as computational social choice, fair division, ... Læs mere

1.400,85 kr.

This volume LNCS 15534 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Web and Internet Economics, WINE 2024, held in Edinburgh, UK, during December 2-5, 2024.The 34 full papers and 32 abstracts included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 248 submissions. These papers cover a wide range of topics such as computational social choice, fair division,
... Læs mere
Programmable Logic Controllers

af Prof. Su Chen Jonathon Lin, Ph. D. ...

The result of the author’s 30 years of teaching PLCs at two universities, Programmable Logic Controllers covers important and essential topics and skills a new PLC learner has to know and practice. Assuming the student knows nothing about the subject, it defines everything and features ample examples and breakdowns of important topics. Students taking PLC courses at two and four-year institutions ... Læs mere

801,49 kr.

The result of the author’s 30 years of teaching PLCs at two universities, Programmable Logic Controllers covers important and essential topics and skills a new PLC learner has to know and practice. Assuming the student knows nothing about the subject, it defines everything and features ample examples and breakdowns of important topics. Students taking PLC courses at two and four-year institutions
... Læs mere

Kobo Rakuten

e-læsere

Apps

Tilbehør

Indkøbskurv

Du får VIP-behandling!

Din indkøbskurv er tom

Ledig:

1 lydbog om måneden

+ GRATIS 30-dages prøve

Ledig:

1 lydbog om måneden

+ GRATIS 30-dages prøve

Anbefalet til dig

Robotteknologi e-bøger

Scary Smart

Probabilistic Robotics

Danmark disruptet

The LEGO® MINDSTORMS EV3 Discovery Book

Arduino

AI 2041

Edge Assisted Mobile Visual SLAM

Rise of Automation - Technology and Robots Will Replace Humans

Advances in Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics

Emerging Electronics and Automation

Will and Responsibility

How to Walk on Water and Climb up Walls

Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Communication

Localization in Underwater Sensor Networks

Multimodal Agents for Ageing and Multicultural Societies

The Synaptic Singularity: Synaptic AI Lab’s 10-Year Blueprint for AGI, Humanoids, and the Future of Reality

Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems

The Secrets Of ChatGPT

Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security

Industrial Robotics Control

Les robots dans Star Wars

Proceedings of I4SDG Workshop 2021

Web and Internet Economics

Programmable Logic Controllers