With the existence of the World Trade Organization, North American Free Trade Agreement and the European Union, trade continues to play a crucial role in an ever-globalizing economy.Technology and economic integration will only continue to foster the growth of trade. Exporting and importing used to be limited to large corporations, but now even small businesses can explore opportunities in international markets. Methods of organizing, financing and managing risk in trade are explor...

This book contains an Open Access Chapter.The UN estimates that there are approximately 476 million indigenous people around the world, and there are 1.8 million Native Americans in the USA. These individuals face recurring challenges with high rates of unemployment, poverty, unequal access to health care, low educational levels, and housing and food insecurity. They also face cultural dominance by one or more European countries, the confiscation of indigenous land...

The UN estimates that there are approximately 476 million indigenous people around the world, and there are 1.8 million Native Americans in the USA. These individuals face recurring challenges with high rates of unemployment, poverty, unequal access to health care, low educational levels, and housing and food insecurity. They also face cultural dominance by one or more European countries, the confiscation of indigenous lands, environmental degradation, racism, higher suicide rates, shorter...

This book contains an Open Access chapterThe landscape of human resource management (HRM) is evolving more rapidly than ever. Human resource managers are facing new and previously unimagined challenges ranging from the rise of artificial intelligence to the shift to work-from-home arrangements. As the HR profession changes, research in the field must keep pace to provide relevant evidence to inform planning and decision making. The authors in this volume of Researc...

People are often stigmatized by virtue of their status on such dimensions as race, ethnicity, gender, age, weight, disability, or sexual orientation, and this book deals with the plight of those who are stigmatized in organizations. For example, they often experience prejudice, unfair discrimination, mistreatment, and exclusion from organizations and society as a whole. As a result, there has been an increased interest in developing ways to decrease the negative experiences of stigmatized ...

People have long made invidious distinctions between individuals (e.g., the clean and the unclean, good and evil, black and white, sacred and profane, etc.) (Smith, 1996), and these distinctions affect the degree to which individuals experience prejudice, unfair discrimination, and oppression in organizations and society as a whole. As a result, there has been an increased interest in research on these distinctions and unfair discrimination in organizations. Despite this research, most of ...

Managers are increasingly employing teams as a primary work unit in organizations, but they are struggling with how to effectively lead the emerging team structures. Intensifying the challenges that they are facing, work restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic hastened the move to remote work, flexible work arrangements, and virtual teams. The current volume of Research in Human Resource Management presents literature reviews, conceptual development, and original research evidence to inf...

As we enter the third decade of the twenty-first century, we are seeing a renaissance of context in influencing leadership, leader-follower relations, and leader effectiveness as well as a recognition of the tripartite nature of leadership. To fully understand and appreciate leadership, one must see the multiple parts of it as well as the connections among them.Leadership is multi-dimensional; leadership depends on leaders, followers, and context. Leadership research in the past th...

This comprehensive guide takes you step by step through the fundamentals of data mining, making it an essential resource for aspiring data scientists, analysts, and anyone curious about the power of data-driven decision-making.Starting with the basics, this book demystifies core concepts such as data preprocessing, classification, clustering, and association rule mining. With practical examples and clear explanations, you'll explore popular algorithms, tools, and techniques used to...

Deep Learning with Python is a comprehensive guide to building and training deep neural networks using Python and popular deep learning frameworks. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced data scientist, this book provides a detailed understanding of the theory and practical implementation of deep learning.Starting with an introduction to deep learning, the book covers essential topics such as neural network architecture, training and optimization, regularization, and transfer...

Commodity, culture and colonialism are intimately related and mutually constitutive. The desire for commodities drove colonial expansion at the same time that colonial expansion fuelled technological invention, created new markets for goods, displaced populations and transformed local and indigenous cultures in dramatic and often violent ways.This book analyses the transformation of local cultures in the context of global interaction in the period 1851–1914. By focusing on episodes...

Chosen peoples demonstrates how biblical themes, ideas and metaphors shaped racial, national and imperial identities in the long nineteenth century. Even as radical new ideas challenged the historicity of the Bible, biblical notions of lineage, descent and inheritance continued to inform understandings of race, nation and empire. European settler movements portrayed ‘new’ territories across the seas as lands of Canaan, but if many colonised and conquered peoples resisted the impos...